Fig. 1

Engine compartment structure

Fig. 2

Distribution of measuring points on real vehicle

Fig. 3

Variation of temperature at measuring point with time

Fig. 4

Fire source position coordinate system

Fig. 5

Fire source location

Fig. 6

Variation of temperature of linear flame sensor at corner of engine compartment under different environments

Fig. 7

Temperatures under different droplet sizes at corner of engine compartment

Fig. 8

Temperature contour map of fire extinguishing process with 200 µm droplet size at 15 s under various conditions at corner of engine compartment

Fig. 9

Variation of temperature of linear flame sensor in middle of engine compartment under different environments

Fig. 10

Temperatures under different droplet sizes in middle of engine compartment

Fig. 11

Temperature contour map of fire extinguishing process with 200 µm droplet size at 15 s under various conditions in middle of engine compartment

Fig. 12

Variation of volume concentration of Halon 1211 fire extinguishing agent at 0.05 m directly above corner of engine compartment

Fig. 13

Variation of volume concentration of Halon 1211 fire extinguishing agent at 0.05 m directly above middle of engine compartment

Table 1

Total detection response time and fire extinguishing time

Fig. 14

Fire temperature variation at corner of engine compartment in real vehicle test

Fig. 15

Fire temperature variation in middle of engine compartment in real vehicle test

Fig. 16

Experimental and simulated mean temperature data at corner of engine compartment

Fig. 17

Experimental and simulated mean temperature data in middle of engine compartment