Simulation on Water Hammer Characteristics of Bipropellant Attitude and Orbit Control Propulsion System

doi:10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.24-0954

Abstract

Abstract:

To address the water hammer problem in bipropellant attitude and orbit control propulsion systems during start-up, shutdown, and periodic operation, the water hammer characteristics under different operating conditions are investigated using simulation methods. The water hammer characteristics of annular and branched propellant delivery lines are compared, and the effects of multi-engine interactions under various operating conditions, as well as the influence of water hammer on engine performance, are analyzed. The results show that the attenuation rate of pressure fluctuation in the annular pipeline system is significantly higher than that in the branch pipeline system. Under the condition of multi-cycle and multi-engine simultaneous start-up and shutdown, the fluctuation of water hammer generated in different cycles affects each other and causes the fluctuation amplitude to increase, but the effect on the engine thrust chamber pressure is relatively small. When multi-engine start-up and shutdown are performed at intervals, water hammer effects lead to severe fluctuations in thrust chamber pressure and nozzle flow rate, affecting the stability of the engine operation. The simulation results provide a reference for the structural design and optimization of the propulsion system and contribute to improving its reliability and safety.

Key words: attitude and orbit control engine, propellant feed system, water hammer characteristic, numerical simulation

CLC Number:

V434.1

Lang Xianwei, Wang Yantao, Zhang Fang, Zu Yizhen, Zhang Xinyu, Xiang Weibin. Simulation on Water Hammer Characteristics of Bipropellant Attitude and Orbit Control Propulsion System[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2026, 38(4): 1046-1057.

Figures/Tables 14

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物理量	液态NTO	液态MMH
密度/(kg/m³)	1 446	874
粘度/(Pa·s)	0.000 42	0.000 85
体积弹性模量/MPa	2 160	1 721
比热/(J·kg/K)	1 515	2 930
热导率/(W/(m·K))	0.153 5	0.251 7

管路类型	管径/ mm	壁厚/ mm	弹性模量/ (N/m²)	相对粗糙度
贮箱出口管段	12	1	2.06×10¹¹	5×10^-6
环形管路	12	1	2.06×10¹¹	1×10^-5
分支管路	12	1	2.06×10¹¹	1×10^-5
300 N发动机入口段	6	1	2.06×10¹¹	1×10^-5
1 200 N发动机入口段	12	1	2.06×10¹¹	1×10^-5

管路布局	p_1,max	p_2,max	p_3,max	p_4,max
环形管路	77.5	81.9	60.2	57.1
分支管路	69.6	55.1	56.7	70

管路布局	T1	T2	T3	T4
环形管路	0.34	0.37	0.41	0.36
分支管路	0.61	0.4	0.42	0.76