A Novel Research Pattern for the Simulation of Complex Systems SIGD

doi:10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.24-0472

Abstract

Abstract:

The complexity of the system is mainly reflected in the numerous components and extremely complex interactions. Combined with the current trend of artificial intelligence development, this paper analyzes and considers the changes in thinking mode brought by simulation discipline research, and forms an understanding of the connotation and research scope of simulation intelligence. A new pattern for complex system simulation research is proposed: "simulation intelligence based generating decisions (SIGD)". In the SIGD pattern, the similar principles, modeling methods, and decision-guiding modes in simulation disciplines are different from those in traditional simulation. Under the guidance of this concept, a connection-oriented simulation worldview has become a fundamental logic to characterize complex systems. Taking agents, connections, and structures as basic elements, a "neuro-network model" system with neural network models as computing units is woven using a top-down and bottom-up fusion approach. In this system, the model transformation from mechanism models to neural network models is realized using surrogate model and the entire system is expressed based on PINN and GINN. The technical implementation framework of SIGD: the WANGZHEN SHENCE platform, is presented as a solution for the new pattern of complex system simulation, then the crowd simulation is used to explore the construction of "WANG ZHEN" system.

Key words: complex system, simulation intelligence, simulation intelligence based generating decisions (SIGD), PINN, surrogate model

CLC Number:

TP301.6

Chen Bin, Guo Runkang, Zhu Zhengqiu, Zhao Yong, Ji Yatai, Chen Aiguo, Cheng Guangquan. A Novel Research Pattern for the Simulation of Complex Systems SIGD[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2024, 36(12): 2993-3012.

Figures/Tables 21

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

Fig. 13

Fig. 14

Fig. 15

Fig. 16

Fig. 17

Fig. 18

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 19

References 31

1	王飞跃. 平行系统方法与复杂系统的管理和控制[J]. 控制与决策, 2004, 19(5): 485-489, 514.
	Wang Feiyue. Parallel System Methods for Management and Control of Complex Systems[J]. Control and Decision, 2004, 19(5): 485-489, 514.
2	Tuegel E J, Ingraffea A R, Eason T G, et al. Reengineering Aircraft Structural Life Prediction Using a Digital Twin[J]. International Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 2011, 2011(1): 154798.
3	Lavin Alexander, Krakauer David, Zenil Hector, et al. Simulation Intelligence: Towards a New Generation of Scientific Methods [EB/OL]. (2022-11-27) [2024-04-28]. .
4	戴汝为. 系统科学及系统复杂性研究[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2002, 14(11): 1411-1416.
	Dai Ruwei. Research on System Science and System Complexity[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2002, 14(11): 1411-1416.
5	Lu Xiaoming, Wang Xiaoguang. Incorporating Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle into Quantum Multiparameter Estimation[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2021, 126(12): 120503.
6	李劲, 肖人彬. 涌现计算综述[J]. 复杂系统与复杂性科学, 2015, 12(4): 1-13.
	Li Jin, Xiao Renbin. Emergent Computation: An Overview[J]. Complex Systems and Complexity Science, 2015, 12(4): 1-13.
7	纳西姆·尼古拉斯·塔勒布. 反脆弱: 从不确定性中获益[M]. 雨珂, 译. 北京: 中信出版社, 2020.
	Nassim Nicholas Taleb. Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder[M]. Translated by Yu Ke. Beijing: CITIC Publishing House, 2020.
8	王红卫, 李珏, 刘建国, 等. 人机融合复杂社会系统研究[J]. 中国管理科学, 2023, 31(7): 1-21.
	Wang Hongwei, Li Jue, Liu Jianguo, et al. Research on Human-machine Integration Complex Social System[J]. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2023, 31(7): 1-21.
9	Feynman Richard P, Lebowitz Joel L. Statistical Mechanics: A Set of Lectures[J]. Physics Today, 1973, 26(10): 51-53.
10	Felix J W. The Theory of Symmetry Breaking in Continuous Structural Phase Transitions Hide affiliations[D]. The City of Provo: Brigham Young University, 1984.
11	康旭, 张晓峰. 基于生成对抗神经网络的雷达遥感数据增广方法[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2022, 34(4): 920-927.
	Kang Xu, Zhang Xiaofeng. Radar Remote Sensing Data Augmentation Method Based on Generative Adversarial Network[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2022, 34(4): 920-927.
12	安小米, 马广惠, 宋刚. 综合集成方法研究的起源及其演进发展[J]. 系统工程, 2018, 36(10): 1-13.
	An Xiaomi, Ma Guanghui, Song Gang. Origins and Evolution of Meta-synthesis Approach[J]. Systems Engineering, 2018, 36(10): 1-13.
13	费敏锐, 狄轶娟. 仿真是第三种认识世界的基本活动[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2010, 22(2): 546-548.
	Fei Minrui, Di Yijuan. Third Basic Activity for Knowing World-simulation[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2010, 22(2): 546-548.
14	Cybenko G. Approximation by Superpositions of a Sigmoidal Function[J]. Mathematics of Control Signals and Systems, 1989, 2(4): 303-314.
15	Penwarden M, Shandian Zhe, Narayan A, et al. Multifidelity Modeling for Physics-informed Neural Networks (PINNs)[J]. Journal of Computational Physics, 2022, 451: 110844.
16	Hall E J, Taverniers Søren, Katsoulakis M A, et al. GINNs: Graph-informed Neural Networks for Multiscale Physics[J]. Journal of Computational Physics, 2021, 433: 110192.
17	Pang Guofei, Lu Lo, Karniadakis G E. fPINNs: Fractional Physics-informed Neural Networks[J]. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 2019, 41(4): A2603-A2626.
18	Cuomo Salvatore, Vincenzo Schiano Di Cola, Giampaolo Fabio, et al. Scientific Machine Learning Through Physics-informed Neural Networks: Where We are and What's Next[J]. Journal of Scientific Computing, 2022, 92(3): 88.
19	Aliakbari M, Mahmoudi M, Vadasz P, et al. Predicting High-fidelity Multiphysics Data from Low-fidelity Fluid Flow and Transport Solvers Using Physics-informed Neural Networks[J]. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2022, 96: 109002.
20	刘霞, 冯文晖, 连峰, 等. 基于物理信息神经网络的气动数据融合方法[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2023, 41(8): 87-96.
	Liu Xia, Feng Wenhui, Lian Feng, et al. Aerodynamic Data Fusion Method Based on Physics-informed Neural Network[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2023, 41(8): 87-96.
21	孙昌璞. 量子力学诠释与波普尔哲学的"三个世界"[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2021, 36(3): 296-307.
	Sun Changpu. Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics and Karl Popper's Three Worlds[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2021, 36(3): 296-307.
22	Bruel J M, Combemale B, Guerra E, et al. Comparing and Classifying Model Transformation Reuse Approaches Across Metamodels[J]. Software and Systems Modeling, 2020, 19(2): 441-465.
23	陈彬. 面向DEVS的多范式建模与仿真关键技术研究与实现[D]. 长沙: 国防科学技术大学, 2010.
	Chen Bin. The Research and Implementation of Key Techniques in DEVS Oriented Multi-paradigm Modeling and Simulation[D]. Changsha: National University of Defense Technology, 2010.
24	Vangheluwe H L M. DEVS as a Common Denominator for Multi-formalism Hybrid Systems Modelling[C]//CACSD. Conference Proceedings. IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Aided Control System Design. Piscataway: IEEE, 2000: 129-134.
25	Chen Bin, Zhong Ronghua, Vangheluwe Hans. Integrating Base Object Model Components into DEVS-based Simulation[J]. The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation Applications Methodology Technology, 2010, 7(4): 241-256.
26	Schulz S, Ewing T C, Rozenblit J W. Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) and StateMate StateCharts Equivalence for Embedded Systems Modeling[C]//Proceedings Seventh IEEE International Conference and Workshop on the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems (ECBS 2000). Piscataway: IEEE, 2000: 308-316.
27	Carl Edward Rasmussen, K I Williams Christopher. Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning[M]. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2005.
28	Yang Ling, Zhang Zhilong, Song Yang, et al. Diffusion Models: A Comprehensive Survey of Methods and Applications[J]. ACM Computing Surveys, 2023, 56(4): 105.
29	Jiang Yanqun, Chen Bokui, Li Xi, et al. Dynamic Navigation Field in the Social Force Model for Pedestrian Evacuation[J]. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 2020, 80: 815-826.
30	Helbing Dirk, Molnár Péter. Social Force Model for Pedestrian Dynamics[J]. Physical Review E, 1995, 51(5): 4282-4286.
31	Mohamed A, Qian Kun, Elhoseiny M, et al. Social-STGCNN: A Social Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Neural Network for Human Trajectory Prediction[C]//2020 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). Piscataway: IEEE, 2020: 14412-14420.

数据集	ST-GCNN	ST-PINN-GCN	准确率提升/%
ETH	1.23	1.01	17.89
HOTEL	1.16	1.11	4.31
UNIV	0.55	0.52	5.45
ZARA1	0.63	0.52	17.46
ZARA2	0.60	0.55	8.33
AVG	0.83	0.74	10.84

数据集	ST-GCNN	ST-PINN-GCN	准确率提升/%
ETH	2.71	1.24	54.24
HOTEL	4.32	0.48	88.89
UNIV	1.46	0.55	62.33
ZARA1	2.15	0.92	57.21
ZARA2	1.53	0.84	45.10
AVG	2.43	0.81	66.67

[1]	An Jing, Si Guangya, Zeng Miaoting. Construction of Surrogate Model Driven by Model and Data [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2024, 36(3): 756-769.
[2]	Tian Xiangrui, Yin Jie, Yao Rui, Wan Xiaodong. Modeling and Analysing of Complex Combat Systems Based on Symbiosis Theory [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2024, 36(1): 203-219.
[3]	Guodong Yuan, Ming He, Ziyu Ma, Weishi Zhang, Xueda Liu, Wei Li. Multiagent Following Multileader Algorithm Based on K-means Clustering [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2023, 35(3): 616-622.
[4]	Wenzheng Liu, Heming Zhang. A Cyber-physical Integrated Modeling Method Oriented for Motion Simulation of Complex Systems [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2022, 34(5): 954-963.
[5]	Hu Xiaofeng, Qi Dawei. Intelligent Wargaming System: Change Needed by Next Generation Need to be Changed [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2021, 33(9): 1997-2009.
[6]	Zhu Feng, Yao Yiping, Tang Wenjie, Li Jin. Reusability Analysis and Application for Complex System Simulation Model [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2021, 33(10): 2356-2362.
[7]	Qiu Xiaogang, Chen Yazhou, Zhang Peng. The Expansion from System Simulation to Domain Simulation [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2020, 32(9): 1637-1644.
[8]	Hu Chunsheng, Xu Chengdong, Zhang Penfei. One design mode of highly configurable modular simulation system [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2020, 32(4): 627-637.
[9]	Wang Shuai, Zhu Feng, Yao Yiping, Tang Wenjie, Xiao Yuhao. Container-based Automatic Packaging Technology for Complex System Simulation Application [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2020, 32(11): 2199-2207.
[10]	Lu Zhanwen, Cheng Xingong, Zhang Yongfeng. Global Optimization Method Based on Consensus Particle Swarm Optimization [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2020, 32(10): 1936-1942.
[11]	Ju Rusheng, Cai Zimin, Yang Mei, Wang Song. Evaluation Method of Simulation Results Based on Principal Component Analysis [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2019, 31(12): 2678-2684.
[12]	Zhang Laobing, Ruan Qiming, Qiu Xiaogang. Two Complementary Methods for Studying Complex Social Systems: Simulation and Game Theory [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2019, 31(10): 1960-1969.
[13]	Ji Hang, Zhou Junhua, Shi Guoqiang, Lin Tingyu, Xue Junjie. A Lightweight Modeling and Simulation Technical Framework for Complex Systems [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2018, 30(6): 2013-2019.
[14]	Geng Chao, Qu Shiyou, Lin Tingyu, Shi Guoqiang, Xiao Yingying, Wang Mei, Ma Qiudan, Ji Hang. Research on maturity evaluation technology of complex digital industrial system [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2018, 30(6): 2020-2026.
[15]	Wang Hongwei, Zhu Ziyuan, Shi Jinglin, Su Yongtao, Shi Hongmei, Liu Zhiguo. Surrogate Model Based Processor Architectural Design Space Exploration Algorithm [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2017, 29(5): 1077-1085.