Sub-zero Cold Start Simulation of Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicle Drivetrain

doi:10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.201712007

Abstract

Abstract: Sub-zero cold start is a major obstacle for PEM fuel cell vehicle's commercialization. This paper aims to study the sub-zero cold starting process of hybrid fuel cell vehicle. A thermo-electro-mechanical coupling model was built based on the electro-chemical and thermal dynamic performance of battery and fuel cell, as well as the mechanical dynamic performance of fuel cell's auxiliary system. A computational model was also set up based on MATLAB/simulink. Through simulations under different heat powers, the energy consumption and battery state of charge are analyzed, which help to optimize power train's configuration and control strategy.

Key words: PEM hybrid fuel cell vehicle, power train system, sub-freezing start up, stack warm up, simulation experiment research

CLC Number:

TP391.9

Zhang Xinfeng, Luo Minghui, Yao Chuanqi, Dai Wei, Chang Guofeng. Sub-zero Cold Start Simulation of Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicle Drivetrain[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2017, 29(12): 2986-2993.

References

[1] Pesaran A A, Kim G, Gonder Jeffrey D.PEM Fuel Cell Freeze and Rapid Startup Investigation[C]//Golden, CO, USA: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2005.
[2] 马建新, 高鑫, 张存满. 质子交换膜燃料电池冷起动机理及冷起动策略[J]. 电源技术, 2009, 33(7): 533-540.
Ma J X, Gao X, Zhang C M.Mechanism and strategy of PEM fuel cell cold start[J]. Power source, 2009, 33(7): 533-540.
[3] Y Wang, P P Mukherjeeb, J Mishlera, et al.Cold start of polymer electrolyte fuel cells: Three-stage startup characterization[J]. Electrochimica Acta (S0013-4686), 2010, 55(8): 2636-2644.
[4] Y Tabe, M Saito, K Fukui, et al.Cold start characteristics and freezing mechanism dependence on start-up temperature in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell[J]. Journal of Power Sources (S0378-7753), 2012, 208(1): 366-373.
[5] A A Akrem, K Sousso, B Loic, et al.A Comprehensive Review of Solutions and Strategies for Cold Start of Automotive Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells[J]. IEEE Access (S2169-3536), 2016, 4: 4989-5002.
[6] Z Wan, H Chang, S Shu, et al.A Review on Cold Start of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells[J]. Chinese Battery Industry (S1008-7923), 2014, 7(5): 3179-3203.
[7] S Kim, N W Lee, Y S Kim, et al.Effective purge method with addition of hydrogen on the cathode side for cold start in PEM fuel cell[J]. Int. J hydrogen energy (S0360-3199), 2013, 38(26): 11357-11369.
[8] Collon Spiegel.质子交换膜燃料电池建模与Matlab仿真[M]. 张新丰, 译. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2013.
Collon Spiegel.PEM fuel cell modeling and simulation with Matlab[M]. Translated by Zhang Xinfeng. Beijing: Electronics industry Press, 2013.
[9] C Min, G A Rincon-Mora. Accurate electrical battery model capable of predicting runtime and I-V performance[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion (S0885-8969), 2006, 21(2): 504-511.
[10] Long Lam, P Bauer, E Kelder. A Practical Circuit-based Model for Li-ion Battery Cells in Electric Vehicle Applications[C]//33rd International Conference on telecommunications Energy, Amsterdam, 2011: 1-9.
[11] L Gao, S Liu, R A Dougal.Dynamic lithium-ion battery model for system simulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Tech.(S1521-3331), 2002, 25(3): 495-505.
[12] Bernardi D, Pawlikowski E, Newman J.A general energy balance for battery systems[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society (S0013-4651), 1985, 132(1): 5-12.
[13] K Onda, T Ohshima, M Nakayama, et al.Thermal behavior of small lithium-ion battery during rapid charge and discharge cycles[J]. Journal of Power Sources (S0378-7753), 2006, 158(1): 535-542.
[14] Hallaj S A l, Maleki H, Hong J S, et al. Thermal modeling and design considerations of lithium-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources (S0378-7753), 1999, 83(1/2): 1-8.

[1]	Huang Tao, Zhang Zhi, Ding Yujie, Chen Yanbo, Wang Jing, Zhang Wenqian. Robust Emergency Dispatch Method Considering Dynamic Frequency Security and N-k Contingency [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2025, 37(12): 2981-2993.
[2]	Zhang Runzhao, Chen Yanbo, Huang Tao, Tian Haoxin, Qiang Tuben, Zhang Zhi. Scheduling Method for Virtual Power Plants Based on Analysis and Forecasting of Heterogeneous Load Characteristics [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2025, 37(12): 2994-3006.
[3]	Yu Xiangxing, Zhao Yandong, Zhang Baolin. Vibration Control of Offshore Wind Turbine Towers Based on Eddy Current Nonlinear Energy Sink [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2025, 37(12): 3007-3017.
[4]	Li Bin, Wang Yuchuo. Fault Diagnosis Method for Photovoltaic Systems Based on Multi-strategy Fusion [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2025, 37(12): 3018-3032.
[5]	Li Xiaobin, Hu Bing, Yin Chao, Li Bo, Ma Jun. Spatiotemporal Graph Convolution-based Demand Forecasting and Simulation Analysis for Automotive Parts Supply Chain [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2025, 37(12): 3060-3074.
[6]	Peng Yi, Lei Yunkui, Yang Qingqing, Li Hui, Wang Jianming. Improved PID Search Algorithm for UAV Path Planning in Mountainous Environments [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2025, 37(12): 3075-3086.
[7]	Chen Yi, Qiu Sihang, Zhu Zhengqiu, Ji Yatai, Zhao Yong, Ju Rusheng. A Method of Heuristic Human-LLM Collaborative Source Search [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2025, 37(12): 3112-3127.
[8]	Suo Jingyi, Lu Baihong, Qu Che. Measurement of Luminous Intensity Distribution for Film and Television LED Light Sources and Its Simulation Research in Game Engines [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2025, 37(12): 3140-3151.
[9]	Gong Jianxing, Hu Hai, Ren Haihui, Wu Ruixiang. Interoperability Model and Application of Military Training System for Combination of Virtuality and Reality [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2025, 37(12): 3161-3175.
[10]	Xu Zhixia, Wang Rui, Sun Nan, He Bing, Shen Xiaowei, Zhu Xiaofei. Research on Cooperative Interference Allocation of Jamming Resources Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2025, 37(12): 3176-3189.
[11]	Liu Xiang, Jin Qiankun. Research on PAC-Bayes-Based A2C Algorithm for Multi-objective Reinforcement Learning [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2025, 37(12): 3212-3223.
[12]	Yang Lanying, Li Chao, Zou Haifeng, Wan Jiangtao, Zhang Renqiang, Liu Hui, Lu Hong. Robot Path Planning Optimization Based on Fusion of Improved Ant Colony Algorithm and A* Algorithm [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2025, 37(11): 2956-2965.
[13]	Su Xiaoting, Zhang Xiaowei, Tian Yi, Li Qi, Wang Shuaihao. Research on Time Sequence Design Method of Dynamic Simulation Scene for Starlight Navigation [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2025, 37(11): 2946-2955.
[14]	Zhang Zhili, Liu Jin, Zhou Zhaofa, Liang Zhe, Zhang Yunhao. Research on Temperature Compensation Technology of Fiber Optic Gyroscope based on ISCSO-BP Neural Network Model [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2025, 37(11): 2904-2917.
[15]	Chen Jitong, Zhou Jiajia, Wu Di, Jiang Hailong. A USV Path Planning Algorithm under Special Environment Based on TD3-RRT [J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2025, 37(11): 2888-2903.