Current Status and Prospects of Complex Scene Reconstruction Based on Gaussian Splatting

doi:10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.25-1144

Abstract

Abstract:

Three-dimensional Gaussian splatting (3DGS) provides an alternative approach for novel view synthesis from the perspective of explicit representation. By reconstructing scenes using 3D Gaussian primitives and replacing traditional ray integration with a point-based rasterization process, it not only improves training and rendering efficiency but also offers new insights for complex scene reconstruction. This paper divided 3DGS-based complex scene reconstruction methods into three major categories and elaborated on them around large-scale scenes, sparse views, and dynamic scenes. It reviewed the current development status of this field and pointed out possible future research directions.

Key words: 3D Gaussian splatting, complex scene, large-scale scene, sparse view, dynamic scene

CLC Number:

TP391.4

Li Hong'an, Yang Jiale, Liu Qingfang, Shi Yu. Current Status and Prospects of Complex Scene Reconstruction Based on Gaussian Splatting[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2026, 38(6): 1535-1566.

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Common evaluation metrics

指标	取值范围	评价内容
PSNR	$[0, + ∞)$	衡量像素精度，数值越高表示整体重建质量越好
SSIM	$[- 1, + 1]$	衡量结构一致性，数值越高表示纹理与结构还原度更高
LPIPS	$[0,1]$	衡量语义一致性，数值越低表示语义特征更接近真实图像

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数据集	图片总数量	覆盖面积/km²	拍摄类型	数据合成	图片分辨率/像素
Mill 19	3.6×10³	125	航拍	真实世界	4 608×3 456
UrbanScene3D	128×10³	136	航拍	真实世界	5 472×3 648
MatrixCity	519×10³	28	航拍	虚拟合成	1 920×1 080

数据集	场景数量	训练视角
LLFF	8	3、6、9
Mip-NeRF360	7	12、24
DTU	15	3、6、9

数据集	场景数量	运动特性	采集设备	纹理/光照	挑战性
D-NeRF	8	物体缓慢运动，复杂几何	合成数据	纯白背景	非刚性变形重建
Nerfies	9	非刚性变形	双同步相机	自然光照	拓扑变化
HyperNeRF	17	刚体/非刚体，大幅运动	双同步相机	自然光照	大幅度运动
NeRF-DS	8	镜面反射，物体运动	双同步相机	高光材质	镜面反射重建

数据集	场景数量	运动特性	采集设备	纹理/光照	挑战性
Plenoptic Video	21	拓扑变化，高光/半透明物体	21台移动GoPro阵列	多光照条件	拓扑变化
NVIDIA	8	人体/物体互动，刚体运动	12台GoPro静态阵列	自然光照	多目标运动
Google Immersive	11	动态街景	46鱼眼相机阵列	自然光照	大规模场景
Light-Field Video	7	面部、中景动画	4×4相机阵列	剧场光照	窄基线视角合成

方法	Building	Rubble	Residence	Sci-Art
CityGaussian	3.07	2.22	2.49	0.88
Momentum-GS	2.45	1.50	2.00	0.97