Abstract:

In the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, this study aims to improve the energy utilization rate and further explore the role of user-side flexible loads and P2G equipment in energy saving and emission reduction. An optimal scheduling model for integrated energy systems considering demand response and two-stage P2G was proposed. A regional integrated energy system coupled with electricity, heating, cooling, gas, storage, and hydrogen was taken as the research object. Models for system equipment and two-stage P2G were established. Based on load characteristics, a multi-load demand response model for electricity, heating, and cooling was constructed using a price elasticity matrix. The flexibility and economic performance of the system were improved by adjusting the energy consumption time of transferable loads and the energy consumption types of substitutable loads. A tiered carbon trading mechanism was introduced into the optimal scheduling model. An optimization objective function was developed to minimize the system's daily operating cost, and a mixed-integer linear programming method was used to solve the optimal scheduling scheme. The results show that after considering demand response, the energy purchase cost and environmental treatment cost of the system are reduced by 8.79% and 12.62%, respectively. After considering the two-stage P2G, the total amount of wind and solar curtailment is greatly reduced, and the total system cost reduction further increases to 45.54%. These findings demonstrate that the proposed model and strategy can achieve a synergy between economic and environmental benefits.

Key words: demand response, two-stage P2G, integrated energy system, optimal scheduling, low-carbon economy