老旧教学楼火灾场景人员疏散仿真研究

doi:10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.23-0546

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高老旧教学楼火灾场景下人员应急疏散能力，建立一个老旧教学楼火灾人员疏散模型。运用PyroSim软件建立火灾扩散模型，模拟分析该教学楼在机械排烟、自动喷淋和着火房间窗户是否开启的情况下，发生火灾时着火楼层安全出口处的烟气能见度、温度和CO的变化规律；结合Pathfinder软件对出口状态、人员疏散进行模拟仿真，得到人员全部疏散完成时所需安全疏散时间。实验结果表明：老旧教学楼无喷淋时人员疏散效率降低12.1%，无机械排烟时人员疏散处于危险状态，多设出口对提升人员疏散效率影响较小。

关键词: 老旧教学楼, PyroSim火灾模拟, Pathfinder疏散模拟, 疏散效率, 安全性分析

Abstract:

In order to improve the emergency evacuation capability of an old school building under fire scenarios, a fire evacuation model of an old school building is developed. The PyroSim software is used to build a fire dispersion model to simulate and analyse the changes of smoke visibility, temperature and CO at the safety exit of the fire floor in the school building under the condition of mechanical smoke exhaust, automatic sprinkler and whether the windows of the fire room are open or not. The simulation of the exit status and evacuation of people has been carried out in conjunction with Pathfinder software to obtain the required safe evacuation time when all the people are evacuated. The case study shows that the evacuation efficiency of the old school building is reduced by 12.1% without sprinklers, and the evacuation of people is in a dangerous state without mechanical smoke extraction, having more exits has less impact on improving the efficiency of evacuating people.

Key words: old school building, PyroSim fire simulation, Pathfinder evacuation simulation, evacuation efficiency, safety analysis

中图分类号:

TP391.9

朱前坤,李继武,杜永峰 . 老旧教学楼火灾场景人员疏散仿真研究[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2024, 36(9): 2043-2053.

Zhu Qiankun,Li Jiwu,Du Yongfeng . Simulation Study of Personnel Evacuation in Fire Scenarios of Old School Buildings[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2024, 36(9): 2043-2053.

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火灾场景	火源位置	单位面积热释放/(kW/m²)	着火房间窗户开启状态	机械排烟开启状态	自动喷淋灭火系统开启状态
A1	1F中部门卫值班室	4 000	否	否	否
A2	1F中部门卫值班室	4 000	否	否	是
B1	1F东侧楼梯间拐角	6 000	否	否	否
B2	1F东侧楼梯间拐角	6 000	否	是	否
C1	3F中部教研休息室	4 000	否	否	否
C2	3F中部教研休息室	4 000	是	否	否

指标	A1	A2	B1	B2	C1	C2
能见度	320.4	400	410.2	无	260.2	390.4
温度	290.1	380	无	无	530.5	无
CO浓度	340.2	330.1	无	无	无	无

火灾场景	t₃/s	t_RSE/s	t_ASE/s	安全性
A1	359.8	422.2	290.1	危险
A2			330.1	危险
B1			410.2	危险
B2			/	安全
C1			260.2	危险
C2			390.4	危险

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