Research on Decision-Making of Closed-Loop Supply Chain for Dual-Channel Recovery Based on Game Theory

doi:10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.20-0761

Abstract

Abstract:

To tackle the difficulties and resource depletion in current packaging recycling, this paper constructs a centralized decision-making game model and three Stackelberg game models. Specifically, these Stackelberg game models are developed depending on the differences in the game power of participants in the closed-loop supply chain for dual-channel recovery, respectively corresponding to the cases where the manufacturer, the distributor or the third-party recycler is dominant. The optimal solutions of the four models are compared and analyzed. The benefits of decentralized decision-making do not reach the Pareto optimality as compared with centralized decision-making. An improved revenue sharing contract is used to coordinate the supply chain under decentralized decision-making. The validity of the model and the effectiveness of the coordination mechanism are verified by numerical simulation.

Key words: closed-loop supply chain, dual-channel recovery, Stackelberg game theory, contract coordination

CLC Number:

F224

Ying Xu, Qinming Liu, Linsen Zhou. Research on Decision-Making of Closed-Loop Supply Chain for Dual-Channel Recovery Based on Game Theory[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2022, 34(2): 396-408.

Figures/Tables 9

Table 1

Parameter/variable description

参数/变量	说明
$C n$ (元)	新包装产品的单位生产成本
$C r$ (元)	循环包装产品的单位生产成本
$Q$	市场潜在产品需求量
$Q'$	实际市场产品需求量
$θ$	产品市场的价格敏感系数
$P m$ (元)	制造商的产品批发价格
$P r$ (元)	销售商的产品销售价格
$?$	使用回收包装所节约的成本/元； $? = C n - C r$
$π c i$ (元) $(i = m; r; t; c)$	不同权力结构下供应链总利润
$α$	消费者对包装回收价格敏感系数
$β$	竞争回收的弹性系数
$S t$	第三方回收的回收量
$S r$	销售商的回收量
$b 1$	销售商向消费者支付的回收价格/元
$b 2$	第三方回收向消费者支付的回收价格/元
$b 3$	制造商的回收价格/元
$τ$	回收包装中可利用的占比/%
$H c i$ $(i =$ $m; r; t; c)$	不同权力结构下的可用包装量

Table 1

Table 2

Values of relevant parameters

参数	取值	参数	取值
$Q$	200	$α$	30
$θ$	4	$β$	10
$C n$	10	$τ$	0.7
$C r$	2

Table 2

Table 3

Optimal solutions of models under different power structures

参数	制造商主导	销售商主导	第三方主导	集中决策
$P m$	30	20	23.33
$P r$	40	40	36.67	30
$b 1$	1.68	1.89	2.11	2.8
$b 2$	1.68	2.11	1.89	2.8
$b 3$	2.80	3.60	3.60
$π c$	1 463.42	1 487.03	1 709.44	1 913.60
$π m$	988.16	560	870.76
$π r$	437.63	860.88	777.44
$π t$	37.63	66.16	60.88
$H c$	67.20	80	80	112

Table 3

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 4

Optimal solutions before and after coordinated decision-making under different power structures

参数	制造商主导		销售商主导		第三方回收主导		集中决策
参数	$ξ m = 0.8 ?? φ m = 0.6$	协调前	$ξ r = 0.9 ?? φ r = 0.4$	协调前	$ξ t = 0.7 ??? φ t = 0.5$	协调前	集中决策
$P m$	6.67	30	15	20	10	23.33
$P r$	30	40	30	40	30	36.67	30
$b 1$	2.80	1.68	2.80	1.89	2.80	2.11	2.80
$b 2$	2.80	1.68	2.80	2.11	2.80	1.89	2.80
$b 3$	3.73	2.80	4.3	3.60	3.27	3.60
$π m$	1 106.88	988.16	752.24	560	966.88	870.76
$π r$	723.28	437.63	1 059.68	860.88	873.36	777.44
$π t$	83.44	37.63	99.68	66,16	73.36	66.88
$π c$	1 913.60	1 463.42	1 913.60	1 487.03	1 913.60	1 709.08	1 913.60
$H c$	112	67.20	112	80	112	80	112

Table 4

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

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