Abstract: With the acceleration of the urbanization process, mastering the population distribution on a fine scale is of great significance for urban disaster assessment, emergency response management and public resource allocation. The rapid development of the Internet and the popularity of smartphones have prompted mobile phones to become the sensors of human activity. A method of urban building population estimation based on mobile phone big data is proposed. The method analyzes the crowd activity law of buildings with different functions based on mobile phone positioning big data in typical areas, calculates the population capacity of different functional buildings, and establishes the spatial and temporal distribution model of urban building population. Experimental results show that the method basically achieves the spatial and temporal distribution of population on the scale of urban buildings.

Key words: mobile big data, crowd activity law, emergency response, spatiotemporal distribution