椭圆柱钝体压电俘能器的流致振动俘能特性数值仿真

doi:10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.25-1051

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提升微型物联网设备的自供能效率，基于ANSYS Fluent平台建立了流-固-电多场耦合计算流体动力学(CFD)数值仿真模型，并针对椭圆柱钝体压电悬臂梁俘能器开展流致振动俘能特性研究，系统地分析了0.1~0.5 m/s区间内流速对输出功率的影响机制。结果表明：俘能器的输出功率随流速增加呈现阶段性增长。在流速低于0.15 m/s的区间，无明显振动，输出功率几乎为0；在0.2~0.25 m/s区间，振动频率未达到共振频率，功率平缓变化；在大于0.25 m/s区间，结构产生共振并引发驰振，振幅激增带动功率大幅提升。在相同雷诺数Re=3 250的条件下，椭圆柱钝体较圆柱钝体的功率密度提升近20倍。

关键词: 流致振动, 椭圆柱钝体, 俘能特性, 数值仿真, 多物理场耦合

Abstract:

To improve the self-powering efficiency of miniature internet of things devices, this paper establishes a fluid-structure-electric multi-field coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model based on the ANSYS Fluent platform. It conducts a numerical simulation study on the flow-induced vibration energy harvesting characteristics of a piezoelectric cantilever beam energy harvester with an elliptical cylinder bluff-body. A systematic analysis is performed on the influence mechanism of flow velocity within the range of 0.1~0.5 m/s on the output power.The results indicate that the output power of the harvester exhibits phased growth with increasing flow velocity. In the range below 0.15 m/s, significant vibration is absent, resulting in nearly zero output power. Within the 0.2~0.25 m/s interval, where the vibration frequency does not reach the resonance frequency, the power changes gradually. At velocities greater than 0.25 m/s, structural resonance occurs, triggering galloping, where a sharp increase in amplitude drives a substantial boost in power. Under the same Reynolds number (Re=3 250), the elliptical cylinder bluff-body demonstrates a nearly 20-fold improvement in power density compared to the circular cylinder bluff-body.

Key words: flow-induced vibration, elliptical cylinder bluff-body, energy harvesting characteristics, numerical simulation, multiphysics coupling

中图分类号:

TP391.9

雷杰超,李龙,姚激 . 椭圆柱钝体压电俘能器的流致振动俘能特性数值仿真[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2026, 38(9): 2676-2685.

Lei Jiechao,Li Long,Yao Ji . Numerical Simulation Study on Flow-induced Vibration Energy Harvesting Characteristics of Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with Elliptical Cylinder Bluff-body[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2026, 38(9): 2676-2685.

图/表 13

图1

表1

俘能器的结构、物理参数及入口流速设置

参数	数值
压电梁长×宽×高( $l p × b × h p$ )/ $m m$	$80 × 20 × 0.2$
压电梁密度 $ρ p$ /( $k g / m 3$ )	$7 300$
压电梁弹性模量 $E p$ / $G P a$	$59.77$
基体梁长×宽×高( $l b × b × h b$ )/ $m m$	$80 × 20 × 0.2$
基体梁密度 $ρ b$ /( $k g / m 3$ )	$2 700$
基体梁弹性模量 $E b$ / $G P a$	$71.70$
椭圆柱钝体的密度 $ρ c$ /( $k g / m 3$ )	$1 300$
椭圆钝体的长度 $l c$ / $m m$	$80$
椭圆钝体浸入水中的长度 $l f$ / $m m$	$55$
外接电阻R/ $k Ω$	$100$
等效机电耦合系数 $Θ$ /( $N / V$ )	$4.31 × 10 - 4$
椭圆柱长短轴的比 $α$	$2.25$
入口速度 $U ∞$ /( $m / s$ )	$0.1 ~ 0.5$

表1

图2

图3

表2

圆柱钝体网格无关性分析

参数	网格1	网格2	网格3
节点数	275 830	314 870	356 318
单元数	167 000	186 520	207 240
第一层单元尺寸/ $m m$	0.001 4	0.001 0	0.000 6
输出功率/ $μ W$	118.537 2	111.211 6	113.675 2
文献[17]输出功率/ $μ W$	111.800 0

表2

图4

表3

椭圆柱钝体网格无关性分析

参数	网格1	网格2	网格3
节点数	114 099	293 851	309 690
单元数	177 560	194 220	202 140
第一层单元尺寸/ $m m$	0.001 4	0.001 0	0.000 6
输出功率/ $μ W$	580.187 5	553.902 3	545.545 8

表3

表4

椭圆柱钝体时间步长无关性分析

参数	步长1	步长2	步长3
时间步长/ $s$	0.001 0	0.000 8	0.000 6
输出功率/ $μ W$	496.574 3	553.902 3	560.454 0

表4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

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