双组元姿轨控动力系统水击特性仿真

doi:10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.24-0954

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对双组元姿轨控动力系统在启动、关机及周期性工作过程中的水击问题，采用仿真方法对不同工况下动力系统的水击特性进行研究。对比分析了环形和分支2种推进剂输送管路布局的水击特性差异，探究了不同工况下多机交互过程中的水击特性和管路水击对发动机性能的影响。结果表明：环形管路系统压力波动的衰减速度明显高于分支管路系统。在多周期多机同时启闭工况下，不同周期产生的水击波动会相互影响并导致波幅增大，但对发动机推力室室压影响较小；多机间隔启闭时，水击效应会导致推力室室压和喷嘴流量剧烈波动，影响发动机的工作稳定性。模型仿真结果可为动力系统结构设计优化提供参考，对于提高动力系统可靠性、安全性具有重要价值。

关键词: 姿轨控发动机, 推进剂输送, 水击特性, 数值仿真

Abstract:

To address the water hammer problem in bipropellant attitude and orbit control propulsion systems during start-up, shutdown, and periodic operation, the water hammer characteristics under different operating conditions are investigated using simulation methods. The water hammer characteristics of annular and branched propellant delivery lines are compared, and the effects of multi-engine interactions under various operating conditions, as well as the influence of water hammer on engine performance, are analyzed. The results show that the attenuation rate of pressure fluctuation in the annular pipeline system is significantly higher than that in the branch pipeline system. Under the condition of multi-cycle and multi-engine simultaneous start-up and shutdown, the fluctuation of water hammer generated in different cycles affects each other and causes the fluctuation amplitude to increase, but the effect on the engine thrust chamber pressure is relatively small. When multi-engine start-up and shutdown are performed at intervals, water hammer effects lead to severe fluctuations in thrust chamber pressure and nozzle flow rate, affecting the stability of the engine operation. The simulation results provide a reference for the structural design and optimization of the propulsion system and contribute to improving its reliability and safety.

Key words: attitude and orbit control engine, propellant feed system, water hammer characteristic, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

V434.1

郎咸伟,王延涛,张方等 . 双组元姿轨控动力系统水击特性仿真[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2026, 38(4): 1046-1057.

Lang Xianwei,Wang Yantao,Zhang Fang,et al . Simulation on Water Hammer Characteristics of Bipropellant Attitude and Orbit Control Propulsion System[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2026, 38(4): 1046-1057.

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物理量	液态NTO	液态MMH
密度/(kg/m³)	1 446	874
粘度/(Pa·s)	0.000 42	0.000 85
体积弹性模量/MPa	2 160	1 721
比热/(J·kg/K)	1 515	2 930
热导率/(W/(m·K))	0.153 5	0.251 7

管路类型	管径/ mm	壁厚/ mm	弹性模量/ (N/m²)	相对粗糙度
贮箱出口管段	12	1	2.06×10¹¹	5×10^-6
环形管路	12	1	2.06×10¹¹	1×10^-5
分支管路	12	1	2.06×10¹¹	1×10^-5
300 N发动机入口段	6	1	2.06×10¹¹	1×10^-5
1 200 N发动机入口段	12	1	2.06×10¹¹	1×10^-5

管路布局	p_1,max	p_2,max	p_3,max	p_4,max
环形管路	77.5	81.9	60.2	57.1
分支管路	69.6	55.1	56.7	70

管路布局	T1	T2	T3	T4
环形管路	0.34	0.37	0.41	0.36
分支管路	0.61	0.4	0.42	0.76