系统仿真学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 1684-1709.doi: 10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.25-0421
刘涛1, 李瀚熙1, 尹勇2, 刘佳仑3
收稿日期:
2025-05-13
修回日期:
2025-06-30
出版日期:
2025-07-18
发布日期:
2025-07-30
通讯作者:
尹勇
第一作者简介:
基金资助:
Liu Tao1, Li Hanxi1, Yin Yong2, Liu Jialun3
Received:
2025-05-13
Revised:
2025-06-30
Online:
2025-07-18
Published:
2025-07-30
Contact:
Yin Yong
摘要:
航海仿真通过构建船舶航行环境和行为模型,模拟不同场景下的船舶响应,用于预判复杂干扰条件下的行为特征。随着计算机图形学、虚拟现实和人工智能技术的发展,尤其是无人船技术的发展,航海仿真技术出现了新的研究内容和应用。介绍了航海仿真技术的研究现状和发展趋势,从典型场景、关键技术和发展趋势三方面对航海仿真技术进行研究综述;剖析了多维电子海图、智能电子海图、船舶运动数学模型、航海模拟器等技术的发展趋势和重点;明确了以“数字孪生”和“虚实融合测试验证”技术为重要发展方向的未来航海智能仿真新趋势。关键技术攻关与产品研发是持续推进航海智能仿真技术发展的基础。该研究为航海智能仿真技术的研究与应用提供了系统参考。
中图分类号:
刘涛,李瀚熙,尹勇等 . 航海智能仿真技术及应用研究综述[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2025, 37(7): 1684-1709.
Liu Tao,Li Hanxi,Yin Yong,et al . Research Review of Intelligent Navigation Simulation Technology and Its Applications[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2025, 37(7): 1684-1709.
表1
3种主流海上交通流建模方法比较
建模方法 | 优点 | 缺点 |
---|---|---|
蒙特卡罗建模仿真 | 解决多级排队模型的解析值求解困难问题;比较真实地描述系统的运行、演变及其发展过程 | 随机数的质量严重影响了船舶交通流仿真的精度,需要复杂的选择随机数流程 |
元胞自动机仿真 | 以简单演化规则模拟复杂的非线性交通现象,易于编程、计算 | 对航速、船舶长度做了整数倍的近似化处理,船舶轨迹位置离散化,对内河小范围的仿真其误差比较大 |
多智能体仿真 | 基于个体特征和行为模拟个体间相互独立又交互作用的现象;基于每个智能体自身的适应性和进化性,可以适应突发情况 | 体系结构、编程语言和开发工具等方面还没有统一的规范,模型的实现非常复杂;多个 Agent 的运行需要复杂的计算 |
表6
两种不同应用场景的VR仿真技术
应用方向 | 典型应用场景 | 技术瓶颈 |
---|---|---|
基于场景的仿真(动态环境与应急训练) | 极端环境航行:风暴/大浪操控训练;冰区破冰航行模拟(北极航线) 应急事件演练:船舶火灾扑救;海难救援与弃船流程 港口与航行任务:狭窄航道靠离泊训练;多船协同补给演练 | 环境物理真实性不足:流体动力学简化(忽略船艏波/尾流);冰区模型仅支持静态冰粒,难模拟冰脊动态破碎 多感官反馈缺失:触觉/听觉反馈薄弱(如引擎震动、强风噪音);力反馈设备成本高 实时性局限,六自由度船舶运动与海浪耦合计算延迟 |
整船系统及设备认知仿真(部件操作到全船交互) | 设备操作培训:消防系统/装卸机械虚拟拆装;救生设备全流程操作(释放到求救) 整船操控验证:驾驶台仪表盘综合操作;动力系统故障模拟(如主机停机) 低成本教育应用:远程船舶模型操控教学 | 交互真实感不足:手势识别延迟;复杂工具操作生硬(吊车钢缆形变精度低) 系统集成挑战:全船高保真仿真算力不足;分布式训练网络延迟导致动作不同步 智能化评估缺失,缺乏AI驱动的操作错误自动检测 |
共性瓶颈 | 硬件成本与便携性;多模态感知缺失 |
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