基于SAR景象匹配的空间平移交会定位算法

doi:10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.24-1234

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对飞行器在飞行时惯性导航系统定位精度无法满足自主定位需求的问题，提出SAR环扫景象匹配空间平移自主定位方法。利用SAR单点单次环扫景象匹配获取的地面匹配点位置和匹配点与飞行器之间的斜距，以及飞行器惯性测量信息，建立飞行器空间平移定位模型，并提出利用匹配点序列的特征信息对飞行器速度进行重构，补偿惯性导航误差对定位的影响，减小定位误差；针对最小二乘解对误差统计特性敏感的局限性，引入拟牛顿优化法对求解结果进行优化。在平飞条件下开展仿真模型计算分析，仿真结果表明：空间平移定位算法有效可行，定位结果的RMSE优于5.5 m。

关键词: 合成孔径雷达, 单点单次环扫成像, 空间平移, 景象匹配定位, 速度重构

Abstract:

To address the problem that the positioning precision of the inertial navigation system cannot meet the requirements of autonomous positioning when the aircraft flies, an autonomous positioning method with spatial translation based on circular scanning scene matching of SAR was proposed. The spatial translation positioning model of the aircraft was established according to the position of the ground matching points obtained by single point and single circular scanning scene matching of SAR, the oblique distance between the matching points and the aircraft, and the inertial measurement information of the aircraft. The characteristic information of the matching point sequence was used to reconstruct the aircraft velocity, thereby compensating for the effect of inertial navigation error on positioning and reducing the positioning error. In light of the limitation that the least square solution was sensitive to the statistical characteristics of the error, the quasi-Newton optimization method was introduced to optimize the solution results. Simulation model calculation and analysis were carried out under the condition of level flight. The simulation results show that the spatial translation positioning algorithm is effective and feasible, and the RMSE of the positioning results is less than 5.5 m.

Key words: SAR, single point and single circular scanning imaging, spatial translation, scene matching positioning, velocity reconstruction

中图分类号:

TJ760.2

普承恩,赖玉敏,石瑞等 . 基于SAR景象匹配的空间平移交会定位算法[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2026, 38(4): 1058-1066.

Pu Cheng'en,Lai Yumin,Shi Rui,et al . Intersection Positioning Algorithm with Spatial Translation Based on SAR Scene Matching[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2026, 38(4): 1058-1066.

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算法类别	纵向精度	横向精度
多普勒测角定位法	21.34	10.98
四面体构型定位法	10.72	5.53
本文定位方法	5.08	5.45

仿真条件	具体取值
飞行速度/(m/s)	100.5
飞行高度/m	2 000
景象匹配周期/s	2
景象匹配误差/m	U(-5, 5)
测距误差/m	U(-6, 6)
INS速度误差/(m/s)	4
参与定位匹配点数量	4

n	RMSE/m	n	RMSE/m
4	5.281 7	10	4.008 6
6	4.712 4	12	3.840 9
8	4.397 3	14	3.771 4