基于虚拟储能的电动汽车充放电调度策略及激励评价

doi:10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.23-1316

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为应对大规模电动汽车并网带来的多重挑战，充分发挥电动汽车的调度特性，基于虚拟储能聚合体仿真模型优化电动汽车充放电调度，采用复合权重评价电动汽车的充电激励，建立灵活负荷参与配电网调度框架，构建二阶锥松弛最优潮流模型，制定充放电调度策略。根据电动汽车灵活性和系统稳定性衡量其贡献大小，并通过模糊推理系统模拟用户的充电意愿，实现对电动汽车充电的引导和优化。仿真结果表明：该方法能够充分挖掘电动汽车的需求响应潜力，提高系统运行经济性。

关键词: 电动汽车, 虚拟储能, 综合评价法, 激励机制, 需求响应

Abstract:

To address the multifaceted challenges arising from the widespread integration of electric vehicles into the power grid, harnessing the dispatchability features of electric vehicles becomes imperative. This paper based on a virtual energy storage aggregation model, optimizes the charging scheduling of electric vehicles and assesses their charging incentives through a composite weighting methodology. It establishes a framework for the participation of flexible loads in distribution network scheduling, formulates a second-order cone relaxation optimal power flow model, and develops dispatch strategies. By quantifying the contribution of electric vehicles concerning their flexibility and system stability, and simulating user charging preferences using a fuzzy inference system, this paper achieves effective guidance and optimization of electric vehicle charging. Simulation results affirm that this approach can fully tap into the demand response potential of electric vehicles, thereby enhancing the economic efficiency of system operation.

Key words: electric vehicles, virtual battery, comprehensive evaluation method, incentive mechanism, demand response

中图分类号:

TP391.9

陈朔,胡昊,方慧敏等 . 基于虚拟储能的电动汽车充放电调度策略及激励评价[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2025, 37(3): 732-741.

Chen Shuo,Hu Hao,Fang Huimin,et al . Electric Vehicle Dispatching Strategy and Incentive Evaluation Based on Virtual Energy Storage[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2025, 37(3): 732-741.

图/表 13

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

评价指标计算公式及含义

指标名	计算公式	指标含义
电压偏移量	$f 1, t s t = ∑ i = 1 I U i, t b e f o r e 33 - 1$	节点电压偏移量的平均值
无功补偿量	$f 2, t s t = ∑ i ∈ u S V C Q i, t S V C + ∑ i ∈ u (C B) Q i, t C B$	SVC、CB无功补偿量
弃风量	$f 3, t s t = Δ P t w d$	风电场总弃风量
线路损耗	$f 4, t s t = P l o s s, t$	节点线路损耗总量
EV功率变化量	$f 5, t s t = P j, t V B + P j, t E V A - ∑ i ∈ N t D P i, t E V$	优化前后EV功率变化量
EV充放电量	$f 6, t s t = ∑ j ∈ u (E V) P j, t V B + P j, t E V A$	优化后EV充放电量

表1

图6

图7

图8

图9

表2

图10

图11

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指标名	主观权重	客观权重	综合权重
电压偏移量	0.166 6	0.018 6	0.003 5
无功补偿量	0.083 3	0.039 0	0.003 7
弃风量	0.071 5	0.249 2	0.026 7
线路损耗量	0.023 8	0.328 0	0.011 7
EV功率变化量	0.436 5	0.158 0	0.060 2
EV充放电量	0.218 3	0.207 2	0.039 5

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