关键词: 电动汽车, 车网互动, 虚拟电厂, 优化调度, 主从博弈, 区间数

Abstract:

To better exploit the regulation potential of electric vehicles (EVs), resolve the conflicts of interest among the stakeholders in vehicle-to-grid (V2G) interactions, and overcome the uncertainty of distributed energy sources and load, this paper proposes a two-level optimization scheduling model for V2G interactions based on the interval Stackelberg game of a virtual power plant (VPP). The VPP aggregator is considered as the upper level, and the EV users as the lower level. The upper level model uses interval numbers to describe the uncertainty of sources and loads, with the aim of minimizing the operating cost of the VPP aggregator, updating the electricity price information and transmitting it to the lower level model. The lower level model aims to maximize user satisfaction and minimize costs by solving the charging and discharging behavior of EV users and returning the results to the upper level model. The improved particle swarm optimization algorithm with integrated interval possibility degree is used to obtain the optimal scheduling results of the Stackelberg game. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model can effectively shave peak and fill the valley, coordinate the bilateral interests of the aggregator and EV users, and has good robustness.

Key words: electric vehicles, vehicle-network interaction, virtual power plant, optimal scheduling, Stackelberg game, interval number