面向低轨卫星互联网的效能评估技术

doi:10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.23-1124

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

效能评估可为低轨卫星互联网的新技术验证提供有力支撑。针对低轨卫星互联网组网灵活、大时空尺度的特性，提出一种面向低轨卫星互联网的效能评估架构。基于此架构，针对低轨卫星互联网效能要素多样的特点，在多维度综合考量的前提下设计了效能评估指标体系；针对星地链路频繁切换的问题，提出星地链路切换算法，为后续采集工作奠定基础；针对指标多维度和源数据规模大的问题，提出指标源数据多模式并行采集 方法，提升了数据采集的效率；针对以标准化流程评估效能的需求，提出效能评估策略。实验表明：所提方法在数据采集性能上相较于传统方法提升了47.16%，同时能够系统且全面地评估低轨卫星互联网的效能。

关键词: 低轨卫星互联网, 网络仿真, 切换仿真, 效能评估, 多模式采集

Abstract:

Performance evaluation can provide strong support for new technology verification of low earth orbit(LEO) satellite internet. Aiming at the characteristics of flexible networking and large space-time scale of satellite internet, a performance evaluation architecture of satellite internet is designed. Aiming at the characteristics of various performance elements, a performance evaluation index system is designed under the premise of multi-dimensional comprehensive consideration. Aiming at the problem of frequent switching of satellite-ground links caused by high-speed movement, an algorithm for satellite-ground link switching is proposed, which provides support for subsequent collection work. Aiming at the multi-dimensional problem of indicators, a multi-mode collection technology for indicator source data is proposed, which improves the efficiency of data. Aiming at the requirement of how to evaluate performance through a standardized process, a satellite Internet performance evaluation strategy is designed. Experiments show that compared with traditional methods, data acquisition performance improved by 47.16%. It has the ability to realize the systematic and comprehensive performance evaluation of LEO satellite internet.

Key words: low earth orbit(LEO) satellite internet, network emulation, switching emulation, performance evaluation, multi-mode acquisition

中图分类号:

TP391.9

王晓锋,张怡,张国秀 . 面向低轨卫星互联网的效能评估技术[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2025, 37(1): 119-133.

Wang Xiaofeng,Zhang Yi,Zhang Guoxiu . Performance Evaluation Technology for Low Earth Orbit Satellite Internet[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2025, 37(1): 119-133.

图/表 19

图1

图 2

图3

图4

表1

图5

表2

表3

1~9标度及其含义

$a i j$ 的值	含义
1	$a i$ 和 $a j$ 同样重要
3	$a i$ 比 $a j$ 略重要
5	$a i$ 比 $a j$ 明显重要
7	$a i$ 比 $a j$ 非常重要
9	$a i$ 比 $a j$ 绝对重要
2,4,6,8	上述重要性状态的中间值
倒数	若 $a i j = v$ , $a j i = 1 / v$

表3

图6

表4

表5

地面对象位置信息

对象类型	名称	经纬度	高度/m
信关站	Loring	$107 ° W, 48 ° N$	1 050
	Manistique	$86 ° W, 45 ° N$	280
	Casselton	$97 ° W, 46 ° N$	580
用户	New York	$74 ° W, 40 ° N$	305
用户	Seattle	$122 ° W, 47 ° N$	1 000

表5

图7

表6

图8

图9

图10

图11

表7

表8

参考文献 21

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报表模板	对象	数据项	说明
Area_Coverage.rst	Coverage Definition	Accum Area Coverage	累积覆盖面积
Time_Coverage.rst	Coverage Definition	Coverage By Latitude-Total Time Covered	按纬度划分的覆盖时间
Plurality_Coverage.rst	Coverage Definition-Figure of Merit	Covered by Latitude-Maximum	按纬度划分的最大覆盖重数
Min_Elevation.rst	Satellite	Semimajor Axis	半长轴
Min_Elevation.rst	Satellite-Sensor	Cone Half Angle	半圆锥角

维度	指标	性质	性能评价
覆盖能力	面积覆盖率	正向	卫星覆盖面积性能
	时间覆盖率	正向	卫星覆盖时间性能
	覆盖重数	正向	卫星覆盖密度性能
	最小仰角	正向	卫星覆盖角度性能
通信容量	星座容量	正向	星座传输容量性能
通信容量	单星容量	正向	单星传输容量性能
通信能力	端到端时延	负向	用户平均通信时延性能
通信能力	端到端丢包率	负向	用户成功传输数据性能
服务能力	通信时长	正向	用户通信服务时长性能
	中断时长	负向	用户通信服务有效性
	中断次数	负向	用户通信服务稳定性

对比方法	对比项	New York	Seattle
星地链路仿真方法	切换次数	1	1
星地链路仿真方法	通信时间/min	2	2
本文方法	切换次数	60	67
本文方法	通信时间/min	109	120

维度范畴	指标项	指标源数据值			指标标准化值
维度范畴	指标项	场景a	场景b	场景c	场景a	场景b	场景c
覆盖能力	面积覆盖率	85.76%	85.76%	85.76%	1	1	1
	时间覆盖率	16.86%	19.60%	23.64%	0.71	0.82	1
	覆盖重数	2	2	2	1	1	1
	最小仰角	40°	40°	40°	1	1	1
通信容量	星座容量	2.56 Gbit/s	3.16 Gbit/s	3.37 Gbit/s	0.75	0.93	1
通信容量	单星容量	11.92 Mbit/s	12.26 Mbit/s	10.47 Mbit/s	0.97	1	0.85
通信能力	端到端时延	46.56 ms	42.90 ms	61.25 ms	0.92	1	0.7
通信能力	端到端丢包率	83.33%	79.16%	71.31%	0.85	0.90	1
服务能力	通信时长	4 h	5 h	6 h53 min	0.58	0.72	1
	中断时长	20 h	19 h	17 h7 min	0.85	0.90	1
	中断次数	32	41	50	1	0.78	0.64

场景	评估结果	排名
a	0.837	3
b	0.895	2
c	0.948	1