基于多物理场耦合的飞机除冰倾斜射流特性研究

doi:10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.25-1032

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对飞机地面除冰作业中多物理场耦合机制复杂、除冰液喷洒参数缺乏理论指导的问题，提出一种基于相场法与Realizable k-ε湍流模型的倾斜射流机翼表面流动传热仿真模型。实现了对射流冲击、液膜流动及非稳态传热全过程的数值重构。基于该模型，深入探究了射流角度对冲击动量分配及传热特性的调控机制。仿真结果揭示了不同射流角度下流动与传热特性的演变规律：15°射流能产生最大的法向冲击压力，适用于破碎高附着力坚冰；45°射流实现了动量向切向铺展的最佳转化，液膜流速最高，兼顾了冲击力度与除冰液覆盖效率；60°射流虽因卷吸效应导致空气段温度损耗增加，但显著扩大了高努塞尔数的覆盖范围，更适用于除冰后的防冰液保持阶段。该数值模拟研究为实现飞机地面除冰的精细化作业提供了理论支撑。

关键词: 飞机地面除冰, 冲击射流, 射流角度, 传热特性, 数值模拟, 多物理场耦合

Abstract:

To address the complex multiphysics coupling and lack of theoretical guidance for spray parameters in aircraft ground de-icing, a simulation model based on the Phase-Field method and Realizable k-ε turbulence model is proposed to investigate inclined jet flow over airfoil surfaces. The model enables the numerical reconstruction of jet impingement, liquid film flow, and unsteady heat transfer processes, providing a framework to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of jet angles on momentum distribution and thermal characteristics. The simulation results reveal distinct variations in the flow and heat-transfer characteristics at different jet inclination angles. At a jet angle of 15°, the maximum normal impact pressure is generated, making this condition more suitable for breaking strongly adhered ice. At 45°, the most effective conversion of jet momentum into tangential spreading is achieved, and the highest liquid-film velocity is obtained, thereby providing a favorable balance between impact intensity and de-icing fluid coverage efficiency. Although greater temperature loss in the free-jet region is induced at 60° because of the enhanced entrainment effect, the surface area characterized by high Nusselt numbers is significantly enlarged, making this condition more suitable for maintaining anti-icing fluid coverage after de-icing. The numerical results provide a theoretical basis for the refined optimization of aircraft ground de-icing operations. This research establishes a theoretical foundation for precision aircraft ground de-icing operations.

Key words: aircraft de-icing, impinging jet, jet inclination angle, heat transfer characteristics, numerical modeling, multiphysics coupling

中图分类号:

V351.392

邢志伟,张洪宾,孙恪等 . 基于多物理场耦合的飞机除冰倾斜射流特性研究[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2026, 38(9): 2616-2628.

Xing Zhiwei,Zhang Hongbin,Sun Ke,et al . Research on Characteristics of Inclined Jet Flow for Aircraft De-icing Based on Multiphysics Coupling[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2026, 38(9): 2616-2628.

图/表 23

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表1

仿真模型基本参数

参数	数值
环境温度 $T e$ / $K$	273.15
环境压力 $P a m b$ / $a t m$	1
射流初速度 $U 0$ /(m/s)	12
射流温度 $T 0$ / $K$	353.15
喷距 $H$ / $m$	1
射流角度 $α$ /( $°$ )	15, 30, 45, 60
壁面初始温度 $T 1$ / $K$	273.15
喷嘴长度 $L 1$ / $m$	0.08
喷嘴直径 $D$ / $m$	0.012
机翼弦长 $c$ / $m$	1.8
除冰液粘度系数 $μ 0$ /( $P a ⋅ s$ )	6.4×10^-4
除冰液密度 $ρ 0$ /( $K g / m 3$ )	1 014.1
除冰液导热系数 $k 0$ /( $W / (m ⋅ K)$ )	0.498
除冰液比热 $C p 0$ /( $J / (K g ⋅ K)$ )	3 815.5

表1

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