基于电涡流NES的海上风机塔架振动控制

doi:10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.25-0660

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决风载荷引发的塔架振动会损害风机结构的问题，提出了基于电涡流式非线性能量阱(eddy current-nonlinear energy sink，EC-NES)的单桩式海上风机塔架减振控制。根据欧拉-拉格朗日方程构建了基于EC-NES的单桩型海上风机的动力学模型，基于FAST软件的输出响应对模型的未知参数和风载荷进行参数辨识；采用PSO算法得到了EC-NES刚度和阻尼的最优参数；基于优化结果设计了电涡流阻尼器。仿真结果表明：相较于采用传统调谐质量阻尼器，采用EC-NES装置可以有效地抑制风机塔架的偏转角度，且对主结构频率变化表现出更强的鲁棒性。

关键词: 海上风机, 结构减振, 非线性能量阱, 电涡流, 粒子群优化算法

Abstract:

To address the issue of tower vibrations induced by wind loads, which can damage the structure of wind turbines, a vibration control method for monopile offshore wind turbine towers based on an eddy current-nonlinear energy sink (EC-NES) was proposed. The dynamic model of monopile offshore wind turbines based on EC-NES was constructed according to the Euler-Lagrange equation, and based on the output response of FAST software, the unknown parameters of the model and the wind loads were identified in terms of parameters. The optimal parameters of EC-NES stiffness and damping were obtained using PSO. The eddy current damper was designed based on these optimization results. The simulation results have shown that compared with traditional tuned mass dampers, the EC-NES device can effectively suppress the deflection angle of wind turbine towers, and it shows stronger robustness to the frequency change of the main structure.

Key words: offshore wind turbine, structural damping, nonlinear energy sink, eddy current, PSO algorithm

中图分类号:

TP391.9

于祥星,赵艳东,张宝琳 . 基于电涡流NES的海上风机塔架振动控制[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2025, 37(12): 3007-3017.

Yu Xiangxing,Zhao Yandong,Zhang Baolin . Vibration Control of Offshore Wind Turbine Towers Based on Eddy Current Nonlinear Energy Sink[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2025, 37(12): 3007-3017.

图/表 21

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表1

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图4

表2

图5

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图7

表3

5 MW单桩型海上风机模型参数

参数	参数值
$m t$ /kg	$929 397$
$d t$ $/ (N ⋅ m ⋅ s / r a d)$	$7.69 × 107$
$I t / (k g ⋅ m 2)$	$4.30 × 109$
$k t / (N ⋅ m / r a d)$	$2 × 1010$
$R t / m$	$67.997$
$R n / m$	$107.6$

表3

图8

图9

图10

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表4

图16

图17

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参数	参数值
转子直径/m	126
叶片总质量/kg	17 740
机舱质量/kg	240 000
轮廓高度/m	90
轮毂质量/kg	56 780
塔架高度/m	87.6
单桩长度/m	30

迭代次数	RMSE值	迭代次数	RMSE值
10	35.570	40	0.180
20	21.840	50	0.052
30	1.780	60	0.043

系统	SD/m	比率
无控制装置	0.056 3	1
EC-NES	0.053 3	0.947
TMD	0.052 8	0.937