面向碳减排的城市交通微观仿真模型优化研究

doi:10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.22-1531

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为评估交通管控策略的环境效益，提出有效融合微观交通仿真模型和微观车辆排放模型的方法。利用VISSIM平台构建案例微观交通仿真模型，提出基于轨迹数据的不同速度区间的加减速特征，应用K-means聚类方法划分4种驾驶行为，通过驾驶特性标定仿真模型全局参数，描述了参数总敏感度以及参数之间相互作用的敏感度。利用DBSCAN(density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise)聚类分析并标定局部参数值，优化了参数标定流程。计算仿真轨迹工况，本地化MOVES(motor vehicle emission simulator)微观排放模型，得到交叉口不同流向和不同驾驶行为下的HC、CO、NOx、CO₂排放。研究表明：仿真模型优化效果显著，所提方法可精确识别高排放的空间位置，解析排放与驾驶行为之间的联系。应用DBSCAN聚类分析参数寻优值有助于实现自动化标定流程，全局参数标定将速度分布 $χ 2$ 误差由0.632 7降至0.130 6，加速度分布 $χ 2$ 误差由0.144 1降至0.052 8，对于环境视角下仿真模型构建至关重要。

关键词: 交通工程, 微观交通仿真, 量化排放, 微观排放模型, 驾驶行为, 参数标定

Abstract:

To assess the environmental benefits of transportation management or control strategies, a method to effectively integrate the micro-traffic simulation model and the micro-vehicle emission model is proposed. VISSIM platform is used to build a case micro traffic simulation model. K-means clustering method is used to divide the driving behavior into 4 types based on the acceleration and deceleration characteristics of different speed intervals of the trajectory data, and the global parameters of the simulation model are calibrated based on the driving characteristics, which quantitatively describe the total sensitivity of the parameters and the sensitivity of the interactions between the parameters. The local parameter values are analyzed and calibrated by density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise(DBSCAN) clustering, which optimize the parameter calibration process. The simulated trajectory conditions are calculated, and motor vehicle emission simulator(MOVES) micro-emission model is localized.The emissions of HC, CO, NOx, and CO₂ pollutants under different flow directions and different driving behaviors at the intersection are obtained.Research results show that the optimization effect of the simulation model is remarkable. The proposed method can accurately identify the high-emission spatial locations and resolve the link between emissions and driving behavior. The application of DBSCAN cluster analysis parameter optimization value is conducive to the realization of the automatic calibration process. The calibration of global parameters reduces the $χ 2$ of velocity distribution from 0.632 7 to 0.130 6, and the $χ 2$ of acceleration distribution from 0.144 1 to 0.052 8, which is very important for the construction of simulation model from the environmental perspective.

Key words: traffic engineering, micro traffic simulation, quantitative emission, micro emission model, driving behavior, parameter calibration

中图分类号:

U491.92

刘博,林建新,刘依妮等 . 面向碳减排的城市交通微观仿真模型优化研究[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2024, 36(4): 859-872.

Liu Bo,Lin Jianxin,Liu Yini,et al . Optimization of Urban Traffic Microsimulation Model for Carbon Emission Reduction[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2024, 36(4): 859-872.

图/表 21

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图2

图3

图4

表1

图5

表2

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图7

表3

全部参数敏感性分析指标值计算结果

参数	S_i 一阶指数	排序	$S T i$ 总效应指数	排序
最大前视距离	0.10	9	0.41	6
观察到的车辆数	0	12	0	12
平均停车间距	0.51	2	0.53	4
安全距离附加部分	0.43	4	1.95	1
安全距离倍数部分	0.21	6	0.48	5
最大减速度	0.01	11	0.03	11
可接受减速度	0.56	1	0.57	3
-1 m/s²/距离	0.20	7	0.33	8
消失前等待时间	0.38	5	0.22	10
最小车头空距	0.06	10	0.26	9
安全距离折减系数	0.49	3	0.93	2
协调刹车最大减速	0.14	8	0.33	7

表3

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图9

表4

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图15

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特征参数	主成分1	主成分2	主成分3
0~10 km/h平均加速度	-0.542	0.037	-0.416
0~10 km/h平均减速度	0.490	-0.283	0.638
10~20 km/h平均加速度	-0.549	0.227	0.027
10~20 km/h平均减速度	0.899	-0.146	0.097
20~30 km/h平均加速度	-0.577	-0.081	0.434
20~30 km/h平均减速度	0.756	0.063	-0.399
30~40 km/h平均加速度	-0.220	-0.538	0.011
30~40 km/h平均减速度	0.115	0.834	0.306
40~50 km/h平均加速度	-0.036	-0.583	0.185
40~50 km/h平均减速度	0.276	0.744	0.021

特征参数	驾驶类型Ⅰ	驾驶类型Ⅱ	驾驶类型Ⅲ	驾驶类型Ⅳ
0~10 km/h平均加速度	2.83	2.74	3.57	3.79
0~10 km/h平均减速度	-2.90	-2.78	-3.37	-3.92
10~20 km/h平均加速度	2.71	2.88	4.14	3.28
10~20 km/h平均减速度	-2.92	-3.04	-5.21	-4.31
20~30 km/h平均加速度	2.36	2.85	3.97	2.64
20~30 km/h平均减速度	-2.75	-3.00	-4.77	-3.40
30~40 km/h平均加速度	1.95	2.70	2.46	2.16
30~40 km/h平均减速度	-2.21	-3.56	-2.52	-2.82
40~50 km/h平均加速度	1.82	2.60	2.17	1.75
40~50 km/h平均减速度	-1.79	-2.93	-2.63	-2.20

参数	分散度	标定值
最大前视距离	0.245	329.78
平均停车间距	0.173	1.88
安全距离附加部分	0.308	1.76
安全距离倍数部分	0.362	2.47
可接受减速度	0.387	-1.51
安全距离折减系数	0.266	0.42

驾驶行为	HC	CO	NOx	CO₂
I	0.003 67	0.471 9	0.009 65	207.681 3
II	0.003 85	0.480 4	0.010 19	213.112 1
III	0.003 81	0.472 8	0.010 22	209.852 0
IV	0.003 80	0.479 5	0.009 77	211.871 4

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