巨型低轨星座网络模式一致星间拓扑设计与仿真研究

doi:10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.25-0006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对巨型低轨星座星间拓扑设计面临的可行方案空间大、最优拓扑难确定，以及传统网格型拓扑易拥塞、不适应多链路配置的问题，提出一种模式一致的星间拓扑设计方法。依托星座卫星均匀对称分布的特性，定义连接模式概念及模式一致准则，通过分析连接模式中镜像与非镜像链路在卫星间的排列规律生成可行星间拓扑，基于最优化目标筛选出最优拓扑。仿真实验表明：该方法具有广泛适用性与良好性能，可在不同星间激光链路数量、不同连接距离下有效求解最优星间拓扑，所得拓扑能为后续巨型星座网络仿真与实际建设提供支撑。

关键词: 低轨卫星星座, 星间链路, 模式一致星间拓扑, 跳数与时延, 星座仿真

Abstract:

The giant low earth orbit (LEO) constellation network uses inter-satellite links to form an inter-satellite topology, realizing the transmission of data between satellites. In order to adapt to the nature of uniform and symmetrical distribution of satellites in the constellation, this paper used a consistent connection pattern between satellites to construct an inter-satellite topology, and by analyzing the arrangement of non-mirror links in the constellation, it was found that the connection method of each link of the satellite itself could be independent of each other, which reduced the simulation complexity and the solution space of the inter-satellite topology. Experiments on several constellations show that the consistent pattern method has a wide range of applicability and can effectively solve the optimal inter-satellite topology under different numbers of inter-satellite links and connection range. The proposed method can yield validated full inter-satellite topologies that can be used as a basis for subsequent network simulations and can support research on a giant constellation network.

Key words: low earth orbit constellation, inter-satellite link, inter-satellite topology with consistent pattern, hop count and latency, constellation simulation

中图分类号:

TP391.9

李志成,刘帅军,刘立祥 . 巨型低轨星座网络模式一致星间拓扑设计与仿真研究[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2026, 38(3): 687-701.

Li Zhicheng,Liu Shuaijun,Liu Lixiang . Research on Inter-satellite Topology Design and Simulation of Giant LEO Constellation Network with Consistent Pattern[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2026, 38(3): 687-701.

图/表 13

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

图5

表2

3星间链下的最优星间拓扑数据

链路距离/km	星间拓扑数	$F 0.3$	$F 0.5$	$F 0.7$
2 000	16	46.40	39.50	32.60
2 500	162	43.00	34.90	26.80
3 000	445	44.85	36.20	27.54
3 500	891	44.85	36.20	27.54

表2

表3

4星间链下的最优星间拓扑数据

链路距离/km	星间拓扑数	$F 0.3$	$F 0.5$	$F 0.7$
2 000	19	37.1	31.9	25.9
2 500	399	36.5	29.5	22.2
3 000	1 481	37.1	29.8	22.3
3 500	3 749	35.5	29.2	21.9

表3

图6

图7

图8

表4

Grid星间拓扑评估值

星座	平均跳数	平均时延/ms	$F 0.3$	$F 0.5$	$F 0.7$
Starlink S1	23.025	59.465	48.533	41.245	33.957
Starlink S2	20.044	63.236	50.278	41.640	33.002
Kuiper K1	17.152	61.706	48.340	39.429	30.518
Kuiper K2	17.814	64.352	50.390	41.803	31.775

表4

表5

各星座3星间链下最优星间拓扑评估值

星座	链路距离/km	星间拓扑数量	$F 0.3$	$F 0.5$	$F 0.7$
Starlink S1	2 000	202	43.25	37.43	29.10
Starlink S1	3 000	994	43.30	34.90	26.20
Starlink S2	3 000	445	44.85	36.20	27.54
Starlink S2	3 500	891	44.85	36.20	27.54
Kuiper K1	2 500	114	41.10	34.00	25.56
Kuiper K1	3 000	346	41.10	34.00	25.56
Kuiper K2	2 500	475	39.70	35.00	26.60
Kuiper K2	3 000	792	39.70	35.00	26.60

表5

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星座	高度/km	轨道数	每轨卫星数	卫星数量	倾角/(°)	卫星可见距离/km
Starlink S1	550	72	22	1 584	53.0	5 016
Starlink S2	1 100	32	50	1 600	53.8	7 580
Kuiper K1	630	34	34	1 156	51.9	5 442
Kuiper K2	610	36	36	1 296	42.0	5 339