北京重霾期空气污染物、气象和交通的时空特征

doi:10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.17WJP-006E

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在空气污染物、气象和道路平均车速的时空特征分析基础上,探讨了临时交通限行措施和气象条件定性分析对空气质量的叠加影响。结果表明,时间上可划分为5个不同污染阶段,空间上表现出自北向南污染加重且空气质量改善由北至南推延的趋势;P3阶段显示交通与气象对空气质量改善的叠加作用;温度高且湿度低时空气质量良好。重污染天气下,临时的交通管制对CO和NO₂及时性减排作用显著,对PM_2.5有延时削峰作用。

关键词: 时空特征, 污染事件, 空气质量, 气象, 交通管制

Abstract: We analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of air pollutants, meteorology, and average road speed during a heavy haze pollution period; and explored the combined impacts of temporary traffic restrictions and meteorological conditions on air quality. The results showed that five pollution stages were identified with remarkable variation patterns based on the evolution of PM_2.5 concentration and weather conditions; and it also showed that the southern sites experienced heavier pollution than the northern sites. Stage P3 exhibited a combined effect of meteorology and traffic restrictions with delayed functions. A good AQI was more likely with higher temperature and lower humidity. Traffic restrictions played visible effects on traffic-related pollutants, like CO and NO₂, and delayed peak-clipping effect on PM_2.5.

Key words: spatiotemporal characteristics, pollution event, air quality, meteorology, traffic restrictions

中图分类号:

TP391.9

胡冬梅, 吴建平, 田琨, 廖律超, 杜怡曼. 北京重霾期空气污染物、气象和交通的时空特征[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2019, 31(3): 403-412.

Hu Dongmei, Wu Jianping, Tian Kun, Liao Lüchao, Du Yiman. Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Air Pollutants, Meteorology and Traffic during Heavy Haze Pollution in Beijing[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2019, 31(3): 403-412.

参考文献

[1] Miller K A, Siscovick D S, Sheppard L, et al.Long-term exposure to air pollution and incidence of cardiovascular events in women[J]. New England Journal of Medicine (S0028-4793), 2007, 356(5): 447-458.
[2] Liu W T, Lee K Y, Lee H C, et al.The association of annual air pollution exposure with blood pressure among patients with sleep-disordered breathing[J]. Science of The Total Environment (S0048-9697), 2016, 543: 61-66.
[3] Wu S, Wang B, Yang D, et al.Ambient particulate air pollution and circulating antioxidant enzymes: A repeated-measure study in healthy adults in Beijing, China[J]. Environmental Pollution (S0269-7491), 2016, 208: 16-24.
[4] Guo Y, Zeng H, Zheng R, et al.The association between lung cancer incidence and ambient air pollution in China: A spatiotemporal analysis[J]. Environmental Research (S0013-9351), 2016, 144: 60-65.
[5] West J, Cohen A, Dentener F, et al.What we breathe impacts our health: improving understanding of the link between air pollution and health[J]. Environmental Science & Technology (S0013-936X), 2016, 50(10): 4895-4904.
[6] Pleijel H, Grundström M, Karlsson G P, et al.A method to assess the inter-annual weather-dependent variability in air pollution concentration and deposition based on weather typing[J]. Atmospheric Environment (S1352-2310), 2016, 126: 200-210.
[7] Yassaa N.Air pollution may alter efforts to mitigate climate change[J]. Atmospheric Environment (S1352-2310), 2016, 127: 221-222.
[8] Baklanov A, Molina L T, Gauss M.Megacities, air quality and climate[J]. Atmospheric Environment (S1352-2310), 2016, 126: 235-249.
[9] Makar P A, Gong W, Milbrandt J, et al.Feedbacks between air pollution and weather, Part 1: Effects on weather[J]. Atmospheric Environment (S1352-2310), 2015, 115: 442-469.
[10] Liu L, Wang Y, Du S, et al.Characteristics of atmospheric single particles during haze periods in a typical urban area of Beijing: A case study in October, 2014[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences (S1001-0742) , 2016, 40: 145-153.
[11] Wang Q, Zhuang G, Huang K, et al.Probing the severe haze pollution in three typical regions of China: Characteristics, sources and regional impacts[J]. Atmospheric Environment (S1352-2310), 2015, 120: 76-88.
[12] Kumar P, Fennell P, Britter R.Effect of wind direction and speed on the dispersion of nucleation and accumulation mode particles in an urban street canyon[J]. Science of The Total Environment (S0048-9697), 2008, 402(1): 82-94.
[13] Wehner B, Wiedensohler A.Long term measurements of submicrometer urban aerosols: statistical analysis for correlations with meteorological conditions and trace gases[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (S1680-7316), 2003, 3(3): 867-879.
[14] Zhou M, Qiao L, Zhu S, et al.Chemical characteristics of fine particles and their impact on visibility impairment in Shanghai based on a 1-year period observation[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences (S1001-0742) , 2016, 48: 151-160.
[15] Chen L, Peng S, Liu J, et al.Dry deposition velocity of total suspended particles and meteorological influence in four locations in Guangzhou, China[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences(S1001-0742), 2012, 24(4): 632-639.
[16] Thaker P, Gokhale S.The impact of traffic-flow patterns on air quality in urban street canyons[J]. Environmental Pollution (S0269-7491), 2016, 208: 161-169.
[17] Kwak K H, Lee S H, Seo J M, et al.Relationship between rooftop and on-road concentrations of traffic-related pollutants in a busy street canyon: Ambient wind effects[J]. Environmental Pollution (S0269-7491), 2016, 208:185-197.
[18] Yu C H, Fan Z, Lioy P J, et al.A novel mobile monitoring approach to characterize spatial and temporal variation in traffic-related air pollutants in an urban community[J]. Atmospheric Environment (S1352-2310), 2016,141:161-173.
[19] Smargiassi A, Baldwin M, Pilger C, et al.Small-scale spatial variability of particle concentrations and traffic levels in Montreal: a pilot study[J]. Science of The Total Environment (S0048-9697), 2005, 338(3): 243-251.
[20] Zheng Y, Liu F, Hsieh H-P.U-Air: when urban air quality inference meets big data[C]. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, ACM: Chicago, Illinois, USA, 2013:1436-1444.
[21] Laakso L, Hussein T, Aarnio P, et al.Diurnal and annual characteristics of particle mass and number concentrations in urban, rural and Arctic environments in Finland[J]. Atmospheric Environment (S1352-2310), 2003, 37(19): 2629-2641.
[22] Pasch A N, MacDonald C P, Gilliam R C, et al. Meteorological characteristics associated with PM_2.5 air pollution in Cleveland, Ohio, during the 2009-2010 Cleveland Multiple Air Pollutants Study[J]. Atmospheric Environment (S1352-2310), 2011, 45(39): 7026-7035.
[23] Elminir H K.Dependence of urban air pollutants on meteorology[J]. Science of The Total Environment (S0048-9697), 2005, 350(1/2/3): 225-237.
[24] Wu Q Z, Wang Z F, Gbaguidi A, et al.A numerical study of contributions to air pollution in Beijing during CAREBeijing-2006[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (S1680-7316), 2011, 11: 5997-6011.
[25] Li Y, An X Q, Zuo H C, et al.Study of traffic restriction effects on air quality during Beijing Olympic Games in 2008 using CMAQ model[J]. Plateau meteorology (S1000-0534), 2010, 29(6): 1619-1626.
[26] Yang H L, Lei L I, Rao H Y, et al.Influence of traffic restriction on air quality during The 2011 Universiade in Shenzhen[J]. Journal of Environment & Health (S2378-6841), 2012, 29(8): 718-721.
[27] Shahbazi H, Hosseini V, Hamedi M.Investigating the effect of odd-even day traffic restriction policy on Tehran air quality[C]. Transportation Research Board 93rd Annual Meeting, 2014: 1-13.
[28] Baldasano J M, Costa M, Cremades L, et al.Influence of the traffic conditions on the air quality of Barcelona during the Olympic Games ‘82[M]. US: Springer, 1994: 643-644.
[29] Samet J M.Traffic, air pollution, and health[J]. Inhalation Toxicology(S0895-8378) , 2007, 19(12): 1021-1027.
[30] Hu D M, Zhou Y, Xu M, et al.Identifying regional service function from PM_2.5 mass concentration throughout a city with non-negative tensor factorization approach[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research (S0944-1344), 2017, 24(35): 26893-26900.
[31] Xu J, Yan F, Xie Y, et al.Impact of meteorological conditions on a nine-day particulate matter pollution event observed in December 2013, Shanghai, China[J]. Particuology (S1674-2001), 2015, 20: 69-79.
[32] Zhang H, Wang Y, Hu J, et al.Relationships between meteorological parameters and criteria air pollutants in three megacities in China[J]. Environmental Research (S0013-9351), 2015, 140: 242-254.
[33] Tian M, Wang H B, Chen Y, et al.Characteristics of aerosol pollution during heavy haze events in Suzhou, China[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (S1680-7316), 2016, 16: 7357-7371.
[34] Xu W Y, Zhao C S, Ran L, et al.Characteristics of pollutants and their correlation to meteorological conditions at a suburban site in the North China Plain[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (S1680-7316), 2011, 11(9): 4353-4369.
[35] Song B Y, Hu D M, Wu J P, et al.Understanding of the impact on the moving speed of monitoring vehicles on measured pollution concentrations[J]. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin (S1018-4619), 2015, 24(6A): 2167-2178.
[36] Fast J D, de Foy B, Acevedo Rosas F, et al. A meteorological overview of the MILAGRO field campaigns[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (S1680-7316), 2007, 7(9): 2233-2257.