两栖车辆海上偏航试验仿真技术研究

doi:10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.25-1035

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对两栖车海上偏航试验中极限工况难以实现、偏航性能边界条件不明的问题，提出基于CFD仿真与三维水动力分层模型的航向‒流向夹角映射分析方法。以2级(波高0.5 m、风速3.3 m/s)和3级(波高1.0 m/s、风速5.1 m/s)海况为环境条件，模拟百米偏航试验，揭示偏航量与航向‒流向夹角的非线性演化规律。仿真结果表明：2级海况下极限偏航量为4.94 m，满足航向保持要求；3级海况下极限偏航量达5.92 m，超出临界阈值。通过数据拟合建立0~90°范围内四次多项式映射模型(拟合精度99.83%)，确定3级海况下偏航量不超限的边界条件为航向‒流向夹角小于80.4°。该方法为两栖车海上偏航性能评估与试验设计提供了量化依据和先验验证手段。

关键词: 两栖车, 百米偏航试验, CFD仿真, 航向流向夹角, 性能底数验证

Abstract:

Addressing the challenges of achieving extreme operating conditions and understanding the boundary conditions of yaw performance in offshore yaw tests for amphibious vehicles, a heading-flow direction angle mapping analysis method based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and a three-dimensional hydrodynamic stratified model is proposed. Under environmental conditions of second-level (wave height of 0.5 m, wind speed of 3.3 m/s) and third-level (wave height of 1.0 m, wind speed of 5.1 m/s) sea states, a hundred-meter yaw test is simulated to reveal the nonlinear evolution law of yaw displacement and heading-flow direction angle. The research indicates that the extreme yaw displacement under sea state 2 is 4.94 m, meeting the heading maintenance requirements; under sea state 3, the extreme yaw displacement reaches 5.92 m, exceeding the critical threshold. A quartic polynomial mapping model within the range of 0~90° is established through data fitting (fitting accuracy of 99.83%), determining that the boundary condition for the yaw displacement not exceeding the limit under sea state 3 is a heading-flow direction angle less than 80.4°. This method provides a quantitative basis and a priori verification method for the evaluation and test design of offshore yaw performance of amphibious vehicles.

Key words: amphibious vehicle, 100-meters yaw test, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, heading-flow direction angle, performance base verification

中图分类号:

TJ811+.6

钟岳,季文龙,冯世琪等 . 两栖车辆海上偏航试验仿真技术研究[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2026, 38(9): 2647-2658.

Zhong Yue,Ji Wenlong,Feng Shiqi,et al . Research on Simulation Technology of Sea Yawing Test for Amphibious Vehicles[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2026, 38(9): 2647-2658.

图/表 18

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

表2

图5

图6

图7

表3

图8

图9

图10

表4

表5

75°~90°区间内偏航值变化

$α$ /(°)	百米偏航值/m	$α$ /(°)	百米偏航值/m
75	4.48	83	5.21
76	4.57	84	5.30
77	4.69	85	5.42
78	4.79	86	5.54
79	4.87	87	5.59
80	4.98	88	5.71
81	5.06	89	5.82
82	5.14	90	5.92

表5

图11

图12

图13

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航行距离/m	偏航量/m
20	0.89
40	2.08
60	3.21
80	4.20
100	4.94