基于Dissado-Hill模型的高铁站内绝缘节瞬态电场研究

doi:10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.25-0986

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高铁站内绝缘节在雷电冲击电压下的瞬态电场分布对绝缘节的正常工作至关重要。雷电冲击电压下，考虑绝缘节材料的松弛极化，建立其瞬态电场频域数学模型。基于Dissado-Hill模型，通过对实测频域介电谱的拟合分析，揭示绝缘节的微观结构特性及极化过程中微观粒子的相互作用特性。仿真结果表明：绝缘节的相对介电常数随着雷电压谐波频率的增大而减小。绝缘节中的载流子和偶极子排列比较规律。轨道电路正常工作过程中，绝缘节的介电损耗很小。雷电冲击电压下，绝缘节电位、电场分布与外加激励变化趋势一致，均在2.4 μs附近达到峰值。松弛极化对绝缘节整体电位、电场分布影响不显著，但对绝缘节表面电场强度的影响呈现出一定的空间差异性和时间动态性。

关键词: 绝缘节, 瞬态电场, 雷电冲击电压, 松弛极化, Dissado-Hill模型, 高速铁路

Abstract:

The transient electric field distribution of insulated rail joints in high-speed railway stations under lightning impulse voltages is critical to their normal operation.Under lightning impulse voltages, considering the relaxation polarization of the insulated rail joint material, a frequency-domain mathematical model of its transient electric field was established. Based on Dissado-Hill model, the measured frequency-domain dielectric spectra were fitted and analyzed to reveal the microstructural characteristics of insulated rail joints and the interaction characteristics between microscopic particles during the polarization process. The results indicate that the relative permittivity of insulated rail joints decreases with the increasing harmonic frequency of the lightning voltage. The arrangement of charge carriers and dipoles within the insulated rail joints exhibits a relatively regular pattern. During the normal operation of the track circuit, the dielectric loss of the insulated rail joints is very low. Under lightning impulse voltages, the potential and electric field distribution of the insulated rail joints show a consistent trend with the variation of the applied excitation, both reaching peak values around 2.4 μs. Relaxation polarization has an insignificant effect on the overall potential and electric field distribution of the insulated rail joints, but its effect on the surface electric field intensity exhibits certain spatial variability and temporal dynamics.

Key words: insulated rail joints, transient electric field, lightning impulse voltages, relaxation polarization, Dissado-Hill model, high-speed railway

中图分类号:

TM852

李军丽,张友鹏 . 基于Dissado-Hill模型的高铁站内绝缘节瞬态电场研究[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2026, 38(8): 2282-2293.

Li Junli,Zhang Youpeng . Study on Transient Electric Field of Insulated Rail Joints in High-speed Railway Stations Based on Dissado-Hill Model[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2026, 38(8): 2282-2293.

图/表 18

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

拟合得到的Dissado-Hill loss peak模型参数

$χ 1 (0)$	$ω p / H z$	n₁	m	G₁/pS
2.728 7	0.012	0.737 5	0.004 5	5.330 1

表1

表2

拟合得到的Dissado-Hill QDC模型参数

$χ 2 (0)$	$ω c / H z$	n₂	p	G₂/pS
4.96	0.719 9	0.999 1	0.003	1.024

表2

图5

图6

图7

图8

表3

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

图14

表4

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剖分方式	单元数	节点数
I	716 036	131 095
II	2 979 362	508 844
III	5 074 585	858 655

位置	电场强度/(kV/m)		差值/%
位置	考虑松弛极化	未考虑松弛极化	差值/%
M	1 246.4	1 190	4.46
N	993.14	1 064.87	-7.13
X	1 110.78	1 077.89	2.96
Y	1 235.86	1 261.76	-2.09