基于RANS和LES的高大空间建筑气流组织仿真和热舒适度评价方法

doi:10.16182/j.issn1004731x.joss.23-FZ0820

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对大空间建筑的暖通空调设计，开展气流组织分析和热舒适评价对于改善室内环境热舒适度和降低能耗具有重要意义。结合基于雷诺时均方程的稳态分析和基于大涡模拟的瞬态分析这2种计算流体力学分析方法的特点，建立了高大空间建筑气流组织仿真方案和热舒适度评价。方法利用稳态分析计算消耗较小的特点，开展多工况热舒适度和空气质量评价；选取典型工况实施计算消耗较大的瞬态分析，获取空气调节全过程，给出室内温度达到设定温度所需要的空调运行时间，从而优化空调运行策略，降低能耗。基于实验结果对2种方法的准确性进行了验证，介绍了所用方法在实际工程项目中的应用，供其他工程参考。

关键词: 雷诺时均方程, 大涡模拟, 高大空间建筑, 气流组织, 热舒适度评价

Abstract:

Air distribution simulation and thermal comfort evaluation for heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) design of large space buildings is of great significance for the human thermal comfort improvement and the energy consumption reduction. By combining the steady analysis based on RANS and the transient analysis of large eddy simulation (LES), an air distribution simulation and thermal comfort evaluation process in large space buildings is established. Due to the low calculation consumption, the steady analysis based on RANS is conducted to efficiently evaluate the thermal comfort and the air quality under multiple working conditions. Considering the high computational consumption of LES, the transient analysis is conducted only under typical working condition. In this way, the entire process of air conditioning and the time required for the indoor temperature to reach the set temperature can be obtained. The process is important for the optimization of air conditioning operation strategy and energy saving. The accuracy of RANS and LES based on experimental results are verified, and the application of the methods used in the practical engineering projects is introduced, which can provide reference for other engineering projects.

Key words: reynolds average navier-stokes(RANS), large eddy simulation(LES), large space building, air distribution, comfort evaluation

中图分类号:

TP399

张慎,程明,王义凡等 . 基于RANS和LES的高大空间建筑气流组织仿真和热舒适度评价方法[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2023, 35(10): 2212-2222.

Zhang Shen,Cheng Ming,Wang Yifan,et al . Air Distribution Simulation and Comfort Evaluation of Large Space Building Based on RANS and LES[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2023, 35(10): 2212-2222.

图/表 16

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

RANS和LES计算条件设置

参数类别	RANS	LES
边界面	无滑移边界	Non-equilibrium enhanced wall function
湍流模型	k- $ε$	WALE^[21]
模型参数	C_w=0.16	C_w=0.16
求解信息	迭代3 000次	模拟时长200 s 积分步长0.002 s

表1

图5

图6

图7

图8

表2

图9

表3

图10

图11

图12

图13

参考文献 21

1	范存养. 大空间建筑空调设计及工程实录[M]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2001: 22-23.
	Fan Cunyang. Design of Air Conditioning in Large Space & Project Record[M]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2001: 22-23.
2	赵彬, 林波荣, 李先庭, 等. 室内空气分布的预测方法及比较[J]. 暖通空调, 2001, 31(4): 82-86.
	Zhao Bin, Lin Borong, Li Xianting, et al. Comparison of Methods for Predicting Indoor Air Distribution[J]. Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning, 2001, 31(4): 82-86.
3	高军. 建筑空间热分层理论及应用研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2007.
	Gao Jun. Reasearch of the Theory of Thermal Stratification in Buildings and Its Applications[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2007.
4	王汉青. 高大空间多射流湍流场的大涡数值模拟研究[D]. 长沙: 湖南大学, 2003.
	Wang Hanqing. Research on Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Flow Field in Great Space With Multiple Air Jets[D]. Changsha: Hunan University, 2003.
5	徐茂剑, 褚海峰. 热环境模拟下大空间建筑室内能耗优化方法[J]. 计算机仿真, 2022, 39(6): 501-505.
	Xu Maojian, Chu Haifeng. Optimization Method of Indoor Energy Consumption of Large Space Buildings Based on Thermal Environment Simulation[J]. Computer Simulation, 2022, 39(6): 501-505.
6	Lemaire A D, Chen Qingbin, Ewert M, et al. Room Air and Contaminant Flow, Evaluation of Computational Methods, Subtask-1[R]. Delft: International Energy Agency, 1993.
7	项琳琳. 某剧院观众厅空调系统气流组织研究[J]. 暖通空调, 2022, 52(4): 66-71, 57.
	Xiang Linlin. Research on Air Distribution of Air Conditioning Systems in Auditorium of a Theater[J]. Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning, 2022, 52(4): 66-71, 57.
8	Blocken B. LES Over RANS in Building Simulation for Outdoor and Indoor Applications: a Foregone Conclusion?[J]. Building Simulation, 2018, 11(5): 821-870.
9	Wang Haidong. Fast CFD Simulation Method for Indoor Environment Modeling[D]. Boulder: University of Colorado Boulder, 2013.
10	韩梦涛. 基于LBM-LES的室外湍流非稳态快速模拟方法的开发[J]. 建筑科学, 2021, 37(10): 200-207, 212.
	Han Mengtao. Fast Unsteady Simulation of Outdoor Wind Turbulence Flow Based on LBM-LES[J]. Building Science, 2021, 37(10): 200-207, 212.
11	张慎, 杨泽旺, 王义凡, 等. 基于LBM的城市建筑群系统洪水灾害模拟[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2022, 34(12): 2584-2594.
	Zhang Shen, Yang Zewang, Wang Yifan, et al. Simulation on Flood Disaster in Urban Building Complex System Based on LBM[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2022, 34(12): 2584-2594.
12	黄光球, 王辉, 陆秋琴. 基于格子Boltzmann方法的建筑自然通风仿真[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2011, 23(12): 2816-2821.
	Huang Guangqiu, Wang Hui, Lu Qiuqin. Simulation of Natural Ventilation in Building Based on Lattice Boltzmann Method[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2011, 23(12): 2816-2821.
13	Fanger P O. Calculation of Thermal Comfort: Introduction of a Basic Comfort Equation[J]. ASHRAE Transactions, 1967, 73(2): III.4.1-III.4.20.
14	中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部, 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 民用建筑室内热湿环境评价标准: [S]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2012: 6.
	Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. Evaluation Standard for Indoor Thermal Environment in Civil Buildings: [S]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2012: 6.
15	ASHRAE. The 2021 ASHRAE Handbook-fundamentals[M]. Peachtree Corners, GA, USA: ASHRAE, 2021.
16	Li Xianting, Li Dongning, Yang Xudong, et al. Total Air Age: an Extension of the Air Age Concept[J]. Building and Environment, 2003, 38(11): 1263-1269.
17	Limane A, Fellouah H, Galanis N. Three-dimensional OpenFOAM Simulation to Evaluate the Thermal Comfort of Occupants, Indoor Air Quality and Heat Losses Inside an Indoor Swimming Pool[J]. Energy and Buildings, 2018, 167: 49-68.
18	Ayachit U. The ParaView Guide: A Parallel Visualization Application[M]. Clifton Park, NY, USA: Kitware, Inc., 2015.
19	中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部, 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局. 民用建筑供暖通风与空气调节设计规范: [S]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2012: 2-3.
	Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People's Republic of China, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. Design Code for Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning of Civil Buildings: [S]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2012: 2-3.
20	Nielsen P V, Rong L, OLMEDO I. The IEA Annex 20: Two-dimensional benchmark test for CFD predictions[C]//Clima 2010, 10th REHVA World Congress. Antalie: Turkish Society of HVAC and Sanitary Engineers, 2010: 1-8.
21	Ducros F, Nicoud F, Poinsot T. Wall-adapting Local Eddy-viscosity Models for Simulations in Complex Geometries[C]//Conference on Numerical Methods in Fluid Dynamics. Tbilisi: Springer, 1998: 293-299.

工况		舞台送风量/ (m³/h)	舞台送风温度/℃	座位送风量/(m³/h)	座位送风温度/℃	设计温度/℃	相对湿度/%	新陈代谢率/met	服装热阻/clo	人体温度/ ℃
case1	夏季	1 850	19	68	19	27	50	1.2	0.5	36.5
case2		1 850	19	68	19	30	50	1.2	0.5	36.5
case3		1 850	19	68	19	35	50	1.2	0.5	36.5
case4	冬季	1 850	24	68	24	10	50	1.2	1.1	36.5
case5		1 850	24	68	24	18	50	1.2	1.1	36.5
case6		1 850	24	68	24	2.6	50	1.2	1.1	36.5
case7		1 850	24	68	27	2.6	50	1.2	1.1	36.5

工况		平均风速/(m/s)	平均温度/℃	平均 PMV	平均 PPD/%	平均空气龄/s	平均换气次数/(次/h)	最大空气龄/s	最小换气次数/(次/h)
case1	夏季	0.05	23.78	0.45	10.18	91.45	39	476.44	8
case2		0.06	23.93	0.57	14.76	140.89	26	540.99	7
case3		0.07	27.36	1.55	53.00	168.20	21	490.54	7
case4	冬季	0.17	17.35	-0.56	15.19	168.93	21	377.63	10
case5		0.13	22.28	0.51	11.56	173.19	21	438.20	8
case6		0.21	11.12	-1.86	65.32	140.62	26	307.10	12
case7		0.21	15.21	-1.10	35.69	198.51	18	642.85	6

[1]	姚光耀, 杨培中, 谈迅. 基于大涡模拟和线性规划的火灾重构方法研究[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2015, 27(7): 1418-1425.
[2]	何士华, 张立翔. 门槽几何参数对湍流场低压效应的大涡模拟[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2015, 27(5): 1081-1086.