基于二次反射映射的动态水面模拟

系统仿真学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (10): 2519-2526.

基于二次反射映射的动态水面模拟

李华^1,2, 杨华民^1,2,*, 冯欣^1,2

1.长春理工大学计算机科学技术学院,吉林长春 130022;
2.特种电影技术及装备国家地方联合工程研究中心,吉林长春 130000

收稿日期:2016-05-10 修回日期:2016-07-14 出版日期:2016-10-08 发布日期:2020-08-13
作者简介:李华(1977-),女,黑龙江北安,博士生,副教授,研究方向为真实感绘制及虚拟现实。
基金资助:
吉林省重点科技攻关项目(20140204050GX,20140204009GX); 吉林省重点科技成果转化项目(20130303011GX); 长春市重大科技攻关计划(14KG008); 吉林省省级产业创新专项资金(2016C091)

Dynamic Water Surface Simulation Based on Secondary Reflection Mapping

Li Hua^1,2, Yang Huamin^1,2,*, Feng Xin^1,2

1. School of Computer Science and Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China;
2. National Local Combined Engineering Research Center of Special Film Technology and Equipment, Changchun 130000, China

Received:2016-05-10 Revised:2016-07-14 Online:2016-10-08 Published:2020-08-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提高动态水面的模拟效果,提出利用3D网格建模,通过投影网格技术进行优化,生成水面以上物体的镜面映像,构成一级反射映射图;简化纳维–斯托克斯方程,将生成的高度值与映像后的纹理叠加,根据透视纹理映射坐标计算表面反射与折射,构成二级反射图;最后,将二级反射图进行透视纹理映射渲染到水面,实现水面反射和折射的快速模拟。测试实验表明,算法能快速、高真实感的模拟动态水面,适合对近距离物体的水面精确观察,渲染帧率可达到30FPS以上。

关键词: Navier-Stokes, 水面模拟, 反射, 折射, 反射映射

Abstract: In order to improve the effects of dynamic water surface simulation, a method was proposed which utilized 3D mesh modeling water surface and was optimized by projective grid method; A mirror image of the subject above the water was generated which was called the first reflection map; then the simplified Navier-Stokes equation was enforced onto the first texture mapping. The reflection and refraction was calculated to form a secondary reflection map with respect to the perspective mapping coordiante; Perspective texture mapping was enforced to water surface to achieve fast simulated water surface. Experimental test shows that the approach can simulate the dynamic water surface fastly with high quality. This method is suitable for precise observation of water surface and more than 30FPS frame rate can be achieved.

Key words: Navier-Stokes, water surface simulation, reflection, refraction, reflection mapping

中图分类号:

TP391.1

李华, 杨华民, 冯欣. 基于二次反射映射的动态水面模拟[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2016, 28(10): 2519-2526.

Li Hua, Yang Huamin, Feng Xin. Dynamic Water Surface Simulation Based on Secondary Reflection Mapping[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2016, 28(10): 2519-2526.

参考文献 27

[1]	Foster N, Fedkiw R.Practical animation of liquids[C]// Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques. USA: ACM, 2001: 23-30.
[2]	English R E, Qiu L, Yu Y, et al.Chimera grids for water simulation[C]// Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation. USA: ACM, 2013: 85-94.
[3]	Viñas M, Lobeiras J, Fraguela B B, et al.A multi‐GPU shallow-water simulation with transport of contaminants[J]. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience (S1532-0634) 2013, 25(8): 1153-1169.
[4]	Hasselmann D E, Dunckel M, Ewing J A.Directional wave spectra observed during JONSWAP 1973[J]. Journal of Physical Oceanography (S0022-3670), 1980, 10(8): 1264-1280.
[5]	Ross V, Dion D. Sea surface slope statistics derived from Sun glint radiance measurements and their apparent dependence on sensor elevation [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (S2169-9291), 2007, 112(C9): C09015:1-C09015:11.
[6]	Tessendorf J.Simulating ocean water[J]. Simulating Nature Realistic and Interactive Techniques, SIGGRAPH (S1569-190X), 2001, 1(2): 5.
[7]	Chiu Y F, Chang C F.GPU-based ocean rendering[C]// 2006 IEEE international Conference on Multimedia and Expo. USA: IEEE, 2006: 2125-2128.
[8]	Premoze S, Ashikhmin M.Rendering natural waters[J]. Computer Graphics Forum (S0167-7055), 2001, 20(4): 189-199.
[9]	Hinsinger D, Neyret F, Cani M P.Interactive animation of ocean waves[C]// Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation. USA: ACM, 2002: 161-166.
[10]	De Boer W H. Fast terrain rendering using geometrical mipmapping[R]. (2000-10-01) [2016-09-20]. . Fast terrain rendering using geometrical mipmapping[R]. (2000-10-01) [2016-09-20]. http://www. flipcode. com/articles/article geomipmaps. pdf, 2000.
[11]	Johanson C, Lejdfors C.Real-time water rendering [D]. Department of Computer Science, Lund University March 2004.
[12]	Yang X, Pi X, Zeng L, et al.GPU-based real-time simulation and rendering of unbounded ocean surface[C]// Ninth International Conference on Computer Aided Design and Computer Graphics (CAD-CG'05). USA: IEEE, 2005: 6.
[13]	Hu Y, Velho L, Tong X, et al.Realistic, real‐time rendering of ocean waves[J]. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds (S1546-4261), 2006, 17(1): 59-67.
[14]	Chentanez N, Müller M.Real-time Eulerian water simulation using a restricted tall cell grid[J]. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)(S0730-0301), 2011, 30(4): 82.
[15]	Untergassmair M, Berg M.Real Time Fluid Simulation [R]. (2008-02-12) [2016-09-20]. Real Time Fluid Simulation [R]. (2008-02-12) [2016-09-20]. http://www. cse. iitd. ernet.in/~cs5080212/MiniP.pdf
[16]	O'brien J F, Hodgins J K. Dynamic simulation of splashing fluids[C]// Computer Animation'95, Proceedings. USA: IEEE, 1995: 198-205, 220.
[17]	Wang Y, Baboulin M, Dongarra J, et al. A parallel solver for incompressible fluid flows [J]. Procedia Computer Science (S1877-0509), 2013, 18(1):18: 439-448.
[18]	Fournier A, Reeves W T.A simple model of ocean waves[J]. ACM Siggraph Computer Graphics (S0097-8930), 1986, 20(4): 75-84.
[19]	Peachey D R.Modeling waves and surf[J]. ACM Siggraph Computer Graphics (S0097-8930), 1986, 20(4): 65-74.
[20]	Schachter B.Long crested wave models[J]. Computer Graphics and Image Processing (S0146-664X), 1980, 12(2): 187-201.
[21]	Bruneton E, Neyret F, Holzschuch N.Real‐time Realistic Ocean Lighting using Seamless Transitions from Geometry to BRDF[J]. Computer Graphics Forum (S0146-664X), 2010, 29(2): 487-496.
[22]	Wyman C.An approximate image-space approach for interactive refraction[J]. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)(S1050-1053), 2005, 24(3): 1050-1053.
[23]	Humphrey B.Realistic water using bump mapping and refraction[J]. Retrieved June (S0000-0019), 2006.
[24]	Goddeke D, Buijssen S H M, Wobker H, et al. GPU acceleration of an unmodified parallel finite element Navier-Stokes solver[C]. High Performance Computing & Simulation, 2009. HPCS'09. International Conference on. USA: IEEE, 2009: 12-21.
[25]	Wang Y, Baboulin M, Rupp K, et al.Solving 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on hybrid CPU/GPU systems[C]// Proceedings of the High Performance Computing Symposium. USA: Society for Computer Simulation International, 2014: 12.
[26]	Truelsen R.Real-time shallow water simulation and environment mapping and clouds [D]. (2007-04-25) [2016-09-20].Real-time shallow water simulation and environment mapping and clouds [D]. (2007-04-25) [2016-09-20].http://image.diku.dk/projects/media/rene.truelsen.07.pdf
[27]	Tian L. Ocean wave simulation by the mix of FFT and Perlin Noise [J]. (2014-06-05) [2016-09-20]. https://otik. uk.zcu.cz/bitstream/ handle/11025/11943/Tian.pdf? sequ ence=1