2012年第1期

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图形学中的破碎模拟动画研究进展wVw系统仿真学报主页
宁江凡，熊岳山，李思昆wVw系统仿真学报主页
（国防科技大学计算机学院, 长沙 410073）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：作为一种常见物理现象，物体破碎的模拟在三维游戏、电影工业及虚拟现实等领域起着非常重要的作用。目前，破碎模拟动画的建模手段主要可分为基于物理的建模和基于几何的建模两类。从这两个方面全面系统阐述了图形学领域破碎模拟动画的研究现状，讨论和分析了这两种方法的优缺点，并对进一步的研究方向提出了看法。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：计算机图形学；计算机动画；破碎；模拟wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01- 0001-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Survey of Research Work on Fracture Simulation in Computer AnimationwVw系统仿真学报主页
NING Jiang-fan, XIONG Yue-shan, LI Si-kunwVw系统仿真学报主页
(School of Computer Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: As a common physical phenomenon in everyday life, the fracture simulation plays a very important role in computer game, movie industry and virtual reality, etc. At present, there are two kinds of method for fracture simulation: physical-based modeling and geometric-based modeling. The status quo of research for graphical modeling and animation of fracture was described, and the advantages and disadvantages of physical-based method and geometric-based method were discussed. Finally, the future trend of research was depicted.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: computer graphics; computer animation; fracture; simulationwVw系统仿真学报主页
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复杂面光源下实时绘制研究wVw系统仿真学报主页
过  洁, 潘金贵wVw系统仿真学报主页
(南京大学 计算机软件新技术国家重点实验室, 南京 210093)wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要: 对目前流行的面光源实时绘制算法进行综述。首先对面光源从相对距离、形状、光强分布和动态性四个方面进行分类，分析各类面光源的特点和处理方式。然后主要介绍三类面光源处理方法：解析方法、基于空间采样方法和预计算辐射传递方法，分析各类算法的主要思想、所针对的场景以及优缺点。最后阐述该领域的未来研究方向。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词: 实时绘制；面光源；采样；预计算辐射传递 wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号: TP391       文献标识码: A     文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0006-06wVw系统仿真学报主页
Research on Real-time Rendering under Complex Area LightingwVw系统仿真学报主页
GUO Jie, PAN Jin-guiwVw系统仿真学报主页
(State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: The real-time rendering methods under complex area lighting were surveyed. First of all, the area light resources were classified based on four aspects: distance, shape, intensity distribution and dynamism, and their characteristics and ways of treatment were analyzed. Then, three types of real-time rendering methods were introduced, namely analytical method, sampling based method and precomputed radiance transfer method. Their basic ideas, application environments, advantages and disadvantages were studied. Finally, the main course of future research in this domain was tried to point out.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: real-time rendering; area light sources; sampling; precomputed radiance transferwVw系统仿真学报主页
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大规模三维标量场并行可视化技术综述wVw系统仿真学报主页
吴玲达1,2, 于荣欢1, 瞿  师1wVw系统仿真学报主页
（1.国防科技大学信息系统工程重点实验室, 长沙 410073；2.装备指挥技术学院重点实验室，北京 101416）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：并行绘制是提高大规模三维标量场可视化效率的一种重要方法，分别对三维标量场的两类重要可视化方法面绘制方法和直接体绘制方法进行了阐述，并结合这两类可视化方法对其并行绘制中的各种并行模式、负载平衡和图像合成算法进行细致的分析和比较；对国内外较有名的并行绘制系统实现进行了分类与对比；最后，在总结现有研究成果基础上，分析了该领域的下一步发展趋势，为大规模性三维标量场的并行可视化提出了新的问题和思路。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：三维标量场；并行绘制；直接体绘制；负载平衡wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391       文献标示码：A       文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01- 0012-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Survey on Parallel Rendering of Large-scale 3D Scalar FieldwVw系统仿真学报主页
WU Ling-da1,2, YU Rong-huan1, QU Shi1wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1. Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory, Changsha 410073, China;wVw系统仿真学报主页
2. The Key Lab, The Academy of Equipment Command & Technology, Beijing 101416, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: Parallel Rendering is an important fast visualization method of large-scale 3D scalar field. Two classes of rendering methods of 3D scalar field were depicted: surface rendering and direct volume rendering in the first and the parallel model, load balance and image compositing algorithms in parallel rendering were compared based on those two visualization methods. Then the existing parallel systems were classified and compared. At the last, some new problems and ideas were proposed for the next research after summarizing the existing algorithms.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: 3D scalar field; parallel rendering; direct volume rendering; load balancewVw系统仿真学报主页
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基于平面设计图的高速公路三维建模wVw系统仿真学报主页
潘荣江，高孝洋，关防利，高  翔wVw系统仿真学报主页
（山东大学计算机科学与技术学院，济南 250101）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：高速公路的三维模型在工程量计算、公路管理、项目审计、三维演示等应用中具有重要作用。提出了一种基于平面设计图的高速公路三维建模方法，首先读取高速公路横断面设计图文件，按照图注对平面设计图进行断面分割和解析，然后把提取的横断面轮廓线沿公路中心线变换到同一坐标系中，最后采用最短对角线法进行三角片表面重构，建立高速公路的三维模型。该方法提高了高速公路三维建模的效率和精度。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：高速公路；平面设计图；断面分割；三维建模wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0017-03wVw系统仿真学报主页
3D Modeling of Highway Based on Section PlanswVw系统仿真学报主页
PAN Rong-jiang, GAO Xiao-yang, GUAN Fang-li, GAO XiangwVw系统仿真学报主页
(School of Computer Science and Technology, Shandong University, Ji’nan 250101, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: 3D models of highway play an important role in engineering calculation, management of highway, project auditing and 3d presentation. An approach to 3d modeling of highways was proposed based on section plans. First, section plan files were read and segmented into several cross sections according to figure legends. Then, the cross sections along the center line of the highway were translated into the same coordinate frame. Finally, triangular surface were constructed with the shortest diagonal method. The proposed method improves the efficiency and accuracy of 3d modeling of highway.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: highway; plan files; cross section segmentation; 3d modelingwVw系统仿真学报主页
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行为驱动的仿真模型组合方法研究wVw系统仿真学报主页
冯晓宁1，王  卓2，顾  磊3，印桂生1wVw系统仿真学报主页
（1.哈尔滨工程大学计算机科学与技术学院，哈尔滨 150001；wVw系统仿真学报主页
2.哈尔滨工程大学水下机器人技术国防科技重点实验室，哈尔滨 150001；3.中国人民解放军92857部队，北京 102444）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：针对目前海洋智能航行器仿真系统在开发过程中模型的动态行为很难验证的问题，给出了一个通用的基于行为的仿真系统开发框架，并提出了行为驱动的模型组合方法。首先在研究了仿真模型的行为特性的基础上，采用π演算的进程表达式表示组合交互过程，描述状态转换和消息传递序列，利用其转换函数和进程推演验证组合过程的行为兼容性，然后通过水动力组合的应用实例具体描述了行为驱动的组合验证过程。最后给出了该方法在水下水下机器人和水面无人艇仿真试验中的应用情况，进一步证明了方法的可行性。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词: 组合仿真；模型组合；行为语义；π演算wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号: TP311.51      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01- 0020-06wVw系统仿真学报主页
Research on Composition Method of Simulation Model Based on BehaviorwVw系统仿真学报主页
FENG Xiao-ning1, WANG Zhuo2, GU Lei3, YIN Gui-sheng1wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1. Computer Science and Technology College, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China;wVw系统仿真学报主页
2. National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Autonomous Underwater Vehicle,wVw系统仿真学报主页
Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China; 3. Troops 92857 of PLA, Fang Shan District, Beijing 102444, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: At present, one of problems of automatic ocean vehicle simulation is that the dynamical behaviors of simulation models are difficultly validated. To solve the problem, a general behavior based simulation development framework and the behavior driven simulation model composition method were provided. Based on the research of behavior characters of simulation models, the composition process, such as state translation and information transfer sequence, was described by process expression of   calculus. The behavior compatibility of models was verified by translation function and process reasoning of π  calculus. The behavior driven composition process was practiced by a hydrodynamic model composition. The AUV and USV simulation tests can improve the feasibility of composition method.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: simulation composition; model composition; behavior semantics;π  calculuswVw系统仿真学报主页

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触觉照相机：表面力觉属性采集装置wVw系统仿真学报主页
宋  涛，王党校，王治翔wVw系统仿真学报主页
（北京航空航天大学虚拟现实技术与系统国家重点实验室，北京 100191）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：触力觉模拟对于增强虚拟现实系统的沉浸感具有重要作用。准确获取物体表面的力觉属性信息是建立逼真的触力觉模拟系统的基础。介绍了触觉照相机的概念和工作原理，针对刚度和摩擦两类表面力觉属性，阐述了测量原理，设计出可测量物体刚度和表面摩擦系数的实验方案及实验装置，该装置主要由两个独立的滚珠丝杠螺母结构、一个6自由度力传感器以及电机等部件组成。开展了典型物体的刚度测量和表面摩擦测量实验，初步检验了设计方案的合理性。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：触力觉交互；触觉照相机；刚度；表面摩擦wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0026-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
Haptic Camera: Device to Acquire Surface Properties of Real ObjectwVw系统仿真学报主页
SONG Tao, WANG Dang-xiao, WANG Zhi-xiangwVw系统仿真学报主页
(State Key Lab of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: Haptic simulation plays an important role in increasing the immersion of virtual reality system. The foundation of building realistic haptic simulated system is to get surface haptic properties of real object accurately. The concept and principle of a haptic camera were introduced. Measuring principle about two surface properties such as stiffness and friction was explained. An experimental prototype was designed in order to measure stiffness and friction. The set-up is mainly comprised of two independent ball screws, an ATI sensor for 6-dimensional force/torque and two DC motors so and on. The preliminary experiment data about real object’s stiffness and surface friction tested the feasibility of the design solution.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: haptic interaction; haptic camera; stiffness; surface frictionwVw系统仿真学报主页
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脆性物体破碎效果实时仿真研究wVw系统仿真学报主页
王全玉, 米  庆, 刘  昕wVw系统仿真学报主页
（北京理工大学计算机学院，北京 100081）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：通过对现实世界中脆性物体破碎现象的分析，实现了一种在虚拟场景中实时模拟物体破碎效果的方法。该方法采用三角面片模型对破碎物体进行建模，采用BSP树结构存储以实现三角面片的快速分类及检索。对模型进行预处理并使用平面进行切割，对切割所产生的多边形进行三维重建，得到新的完整的三角面片模型。对预处理所得的各个三角面片设置其初始位置、速度、角度等以实现物体破碎过程的实时仿真，引入碰撞检测以免碎片相互贯穿。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：破碎；多边形切割；碰撞检测；BSP树；仿真wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9       文献标识码：A       文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01- 0030-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Research on Real Time Simulation of Brittle Objects FracturingwVw系统仿真学报主页
WANG Quan-yu, MI Qing, LIU XinwVw系统仿真学报主页
(School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: Based on the analysis of brittle objects fragmentation in the real world, a new approach was proposed to simulate realtime fracturing effect in the virtual environment. Brittle objects were represented by triangular surface mesh model and the triangles were stored in a BSP tree structure in order to achieve rapid classification and retrieval. Plane was used to cut the model, then the polygons were reconstructed and a new complete triangular model was generated. Position, speed and angle of each preprocessed triangle were initialized in order to achieve real-time simulation, and collision detection was hired to avoid penetration of each fragment.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: fragment; polygon clipping; collision detection; BSP tree; simulationwVw系统仿真学报主页

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虚拟人追逐行为的一种决策模型wVw系统仿真学报主页
卞玉龙，刘  箴wVw系统仿真学报主页
（宁波大学信息工程学院，宁波 315211）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：行为仿真是虚拟现实领域中的一个重要课题，追逐是动物和人类最常见的行为，建立追逐行为模型是一个有趣的话题。分析了一种包含追逐者和逃跑者的追逐行为，引入人的生理参数和情绪参数，建立了情绪、体力和速度之间的计算公式。根据非合作动态博弈原理建立了行为决策模型，我们在计算上进行了仿真实验，结果表明，我们的模型能较好模拟生命体追逐行为的一些生理特征和心理特性。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：虚拟人；追逐行为；情绪；决策wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9      文献标识码：A     文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0035-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Decision-making Model of Virtual Human’s Chasing BehaviorwVw系统仿真学报主页
BIAN Yu-long, LIU ZhenwVw系统仿真学报主页
(Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: Behavior simulation is an important issue in the field of virtual reality, chasing is a common behavior of animal and human, and modeling chasing behavior is an interesting topic. A chasing behavior between chaser and escaper was analyzed, the parameters of human physiology and emotion were introduced, and the formulas among emotion, energy and velocity were set up. The behavior decision model was proposed based on non-cooperative dynamic game. A simulation test on a computer was designed. The result shows that the method can well simulate some physiological features and psychological characteristics of human’s chasing behavior.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: virtual human; chasing behavior; emotion; decision-makingwVw系统仿真学报主页

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动漫游戏中虚拟角色的一种群体对抗仿真模型wVw系统仿真学报主页
刘  箴，柴艳杰 wVw系统仿真学报主页
(宁波大学信息科学与工程学院, 宁波 315211)wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要: 计算机在社会科学的研究中正扮演着重要的角色，建立人类群体的行为模型是一个令人感兴趣的话题。采用动漫游戏，探索了一种面向有限空间中人类对抗行为的仿真方法。首先，建立了一个三维虚拟场景和虚拟角色，虚拟角色包含生理参数、心理参数和社会参数。其次，提出了一种情绪决策模型，主要考虑了恐惧和愤怒两种情绪，给出了情绪影响公式。最后，实现了一个三维对抗行为演示原型，通过改变对抗群体的参数，初步发现了一些对抗规律。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：社会计算; 对抗行为; 情绪; 群体; 虚拟角色wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9       文献标识码：A       文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0040-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
Simulation Model of Crowd Agonistic Behavior for Virtual Characters in Cartoon GameswVw系统仿真学报主页
LIU Zhen, CHAI Yan-jiewVw系统仿真学报主页
(Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: Computer is playing an important role in the research of social science, and modeling the behavior of human crowd is an interesting topic. A simulation method for human agonistic behavior within a limited space in cartoon games was explored. First, a 3D virtual scene and virtual characters were built, and a virtual character was equipped with physiology parameters, psychology parameters and social parameters. Second, an emotion decision model for fear and anger was proposed, and a formula of emotion influence was proposed. Finally, a 3D demo system of agonistic behavior was realized, and some preliminary laws were discovered based on changing the parameters of two antagonism crowds.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: social computing; agonistic behavior; emotion; crowd; virtual characterwVw系统仿真学报主页

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※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

渔网的动态仿真及可视化研究wVw系统仿真学报主页
高  帅，尹  勇，孙霄峰，廉静静wVw系统仿真学报主页
（大连海事大学航海动态仿真与控制实验室，大连 116026）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：为提高渔船操作模拟器视景系统的可视化效果，提出并实现了一种基于物理模型的三次B样条插值曲线绘制渔网和手纲的方法；考虑到可视化系统的实时性，通过简化网具系统的几何模型，构造三次B样条插值曲面实现了基于物理模型的B样条插值曲面的渔网可视化；根据视点距渔网的远近分别调用B样条插值曲线和B样条插值曲面方法进行渔网建模，从而既提高了系统的实时性，又保证了绘制渔网的逼真度。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：渔船操作模拟器；网具系统数学模型；B样条曲面；柔性物体可视化wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9      文献标识码：A        文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01- 0044-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Research on Dynamic Simulation and Visualization of Fishing NetwVw系统仿真学报主页
GAO Shuai, YIN Yong, SUN Xiao-feng, LIAN Jing-jingwVw系统仿真学报主页
(Laboratory of Marine Simulation & Control, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: A method of visualization of fishing net and bridle with cubic B-spline interpolation curve and surface based on physical model was proposed and realized, which improved the visualization of scene simulating system of fishing simulator. Considering the real-time visualization, a method of visualization of fishing net with cubic B-spline interpolation surface based on physical model was realized by simplifying the geometric model of fishing net. According to the distance from viewpoint to fishing net, B-spline interpolation curve and B-spline interpolation surface method were called for the fishing net modeling, which improved the real-time and realism visualization of fishing net.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: fishing simulator; mathematical model of fishingnet; B-spline surface; visualization of flexible objectwVw系统仿真学报主页

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※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

航海模拟器中冰区视景的研究wVw系统仿真学报主页
孙昱浩，尹  勇，高  帅wVw系统仿真学报主页
（大连海事大学 航海动态仿真与控制重点实验室，大连 116026）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：冰区航行在实际航海活动中越来越受到人们的关注。实用性强且具有逼真仿真度的冰区航行模拟器的应用，对船员培训与航运评估等航海科学应用领域都有着很重要的实际意义。将冰区航行模拟器为整体设想框架，以冰区视景仿真为基本研究内容，在理论与具体实现上对冰区中海冰的模型建立与其可视化方法进行了初步的探索和研究。参考了Koch分形曲线的思想，分析和建立了基本的海冰模型，实现了浮冰破碎以及随波漂动效果，并借鉴了Cohen-Sutherland等相关计算机图形学算法，实现了船舶冰区航行时海冰与船间的快速碰撞检测。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：冰区航行；海冰建模；航海模拟器；视景仿真wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9        文献标识码：A        文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0049-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Research on Visualization of Ice Navigation in Marine SimulatorwVw系统仿真学报主页
SUN Yu-hao, YIN Yong, GAO ShuaiwVw系统仿真学报主页
(Laboratory of Marine Simulation & Control, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: Ice navigation, which is paid close attention in the actual navigation lately, becomes more and more significant activity increasingly. So an effective ice navigation simulator will make great sense for seaman training and shipping assessment. Referring to the Koch Curve from the fractal algorithm, an analysis and a simple model of the sea ice were made fundamentally, and the visual of broken ice was actualized which floated in the ice area channel. Based on the Cohen-Sutherland Algorithm, collision detection between ship and sea ice in the visual view of the ice navigation were actualized.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: ice navigation; sea-ice modeling; marine simulator; visual simulationwVw系统仿真学报主页

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※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

wVw系统仿真学报主页
三维水声传播建模及并行算法研究wVw系统仿真学报主页
张  林，笪良龙，李玉阳wVw系统仿真学报主页
(海军潜艇学院, 青岛 266071)wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要: 宽带声传播、匹配场定位、水下环境仿真等技术的发展对水声传播提出了越来越高的要求，如何开发快速准确并与实际海洋环境条件相吻合的三维声传播模型，并充分利用现代计算机技术实现声传播的快速计算已成为水声技术的一个重要研究方向。基于波束位移射线简正波（BDRM）理论，将射线-简正波方法和简正波-抛物方程方法结合起来，建立三维射线-简正波-抛物方程模型，同时为满足三维声场计算的时间需求，设计了射线-简正波-抛物方程模型并行算法，在高性能集群系统上的测试分析结果表明，设计的并行算法具有较高的并行计算效率。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：水声传播; 射线-简正波; 抛物方程; 并行算法wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：P733.21      文献标识码：A          文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0054-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
3D Underwater Sound Propagation Modeling and Parallel AlgorithmwVw系统仿真学报主页
ZHANG Lin, DA Liang-long, LI Yu-yangwVw系统仿真学报主页
(Navy Submarine Academy, Qingdao 266071, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: With the development of theory and technology of broadband sound propagation, matched-field source localization and underwater environment simulation, an efficient method for sound field calculation is very important. Based on beam-displacement ray-mode theory, combining ray-mode theory and mode-parabolic equation method, 3D ray-mode-parabolic equation theory was established. And the parallel algorithm of ray-mode-parabolic equation model was designed. Computer experiments and performance analysis on high performance computer show that the parallel program increases parallel efficiency and good expansibility.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: underwater sound propagation; ray-mode; parabolic equation; parallel algorithmwVw系统仿真学报主页
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※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

基于Monte-Carlo辐射模型的水下光场绘制技术研究wVw系统仿真学报主页
张  森1,2, 康凤举1,2, 曾艳阳1,2wVw系统仿真学报主页
（1.西北工业大学航海学院，西安 710072；2.水下信息处理与控制国家重点实验室，西安 710072）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：过去的几十年中人们提出许多处理光照及阴影的方法,但这些常规方法大都致力于生成空气介质中真实感的三维动画,而对传统的水下光场及光影的动态效果建模问题研究较少。给出一个水下光场及流动光影效果的计算机模型。该模型从海洋水体的光传输物理特性，然后根据该特性给出Monte-Carlo模型，通过研究风海波下光的干涉现象及漫射现象，建立水下光场的二三维可视化模型，基于改进的全局光照及辐射度模型实时计算出阴影的流动效果。此外，还给出了生成三维水下光场及动态光影的方法及相应的游戏动画图例。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：波动光场；可视化；交互光影；水下；风海波wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9       文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0058-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
Research on Render method of Underwater Light FieldswVw系统仿真学报主页
Based on Monte Carlo Radiative Transfer ModelwVw系统仿真学报主页
ZHANG Sen1,2, KANG Feng-ju1,2, ZENG Yan-yang1,2wVw系统仿真学报主页
 (1. School of Marine Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;wVw系统仿真学报主页
2. National Key Laboratory of Underwater Information Process and Control, Xi’an 710072, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: In the past few decades, people had studied many light render and shadow methods, but the conventional methods mostly aimed at generating realistic 3 dimensions animation in air, and seldom focused on the modeling of traditional underwater light field and dynamic smooth shadow. A computer model of automatically generated underwater light field and dynamic lighting effects was proposed. First, the physical properties of light transmission were introduced into ocean water. And then, according to the characteristics of Monte Carlo-given model, the light interference and diffuse reflection under the wind sea were researched, and 2 and 3 dimensions visualization model underwater light field were built. In addition, the real-time calculation of the shadow flow effect based on an improved global illumination and radiation model were given. The result shows the 3 dimensions underwater light field and dynamic shadow methods and corresponding game animation.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: wave light field; visualization; interactive smooth shadow; underwater; wind seawVw系统仿真学报主页

wVw系统仿真学报主页
※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

基于外观保持的多分辨率模型生成算法wVw系统仿真学报主页
李凤霞, 赵  邓, 李仲君wVw系统仿真学报主页
（北京理工大学 智能信息技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100081）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要: 现代三维仿真系统中，大规模、精细模型的使用使得pc机难以进行实时渲染，因此该论文研究了一种模型简化算法，在同等分辨率条件下，最大程度的保留三维模型的外观特征。算法基于二次误差度量，引入了模型表面分类、顶点法向量偏移等约束条件。实验表明，该算法输出结果对模型外观保持程度较高。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词: 网格简化；外观保持；二次误差度量；多分辨率wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号: TP391.9     文献标识码：A     文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01- 0062-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Mesh Simplification for 3D Models with Exterior MaintainingwVw系统仿真学报主页
LI Feng-xia, ZHAO Deng, LI Zhong-junwVw系统仿真学报主页
(Intelligent Information Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, BIT, Beijing 100081, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: In modern three-dimensional simulation system, the using of large-scale, detailed model makes the pc machine difficult to achieve real-time rendering, so a model simplification algorithm was proposed, and under the same resolution conditions, the algorithm maintained the appearance of the 3D model realistic. This algorithm based on Quadric Error Metrics, used the model surface classification, vertex normal vector offset and other constraints to achieve the desired effect.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: Mesh Simplification; Exterior Maintaining; QEM; Multi-resolutionwVw系统仿真学报主页

 wVw系统仿真学报主页

※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

基于单元重用机制的轻量化建模算法wVw系统仿真学报主页
温来祥，贾金原wVw系统仿真学报主页
（同济大学软件学院, 上海 201804）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：给出了一种在三维模型中发现所有外形相同的模型单元并重用这些单元来构造轻量化模型的新方法。该方法不仅能有效地区别相同几何顶点而拓扑不同的模型单元，并且通过对模型单元进行对称不变性变换及其它优化处理，使相同单元的对齐效果和处理效率得到了进一步的提升。采用的体素化匹配方法对于PCA协方差矩阵退化情况具有鲁棒性，不需专门处理，并可以精确且高效地比较两单元。实验结果表明，该方法相比其他方法可以寻找出更多的可重用单元，速度上平均提升20倍左右，因此本方法在效果与效率上均好于已有的同类算法，并且很好的应用于模型轻量化。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：三维模型姿态对齐；体素化；轻量化建模；三维模型匹配wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0067-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Lightweight Modeling Based on Reuse of Repeated ComponentswVw系统仿真学报主页
WEN Lai-xiang, JIA Jin-yuanwVw系统仿真学报主页
(School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: A new method was proposed that it could find all the components with same geometric appearance from 3D models, and reuse these repeated components as most as possible for lightweight modeling. This method not only could recognize components with same vertices but different connectivity, but also achieve better pose alignment effect and processing efficiency for same components by employing a reflection-invariant transform and some optimization means. The matching method based on voxelization was robust without the need of special processing, when confronting the situation that covariance matrix of PCA was degenerated, and compared two components efficiently and precisely. Experiment results show this method can find more such reusable components than other algorithms, and the speedup is nearly 20 times on average. So this method is better than other algorithms finding repeated components both effectively and efficiently, and applies very well to lightweight 3D modeling.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: 3D model alignment; voxelization; lightweight modeling; 3D model matchingwVw系统仿真学报主页

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※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

多视图像的三维重建并行计算仿真平台wVw系统仿真学报主页
陈国军1,2，牛玉美1，申宝明1wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1.中国石油大学计算机与通信工程学院, 青岛 266555; wVw系统仿真学报主页
2.北京航空航天大学虚拟现实技术与系统国家重点实验室, 北京 100191）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：针对基于视频图像的三维重建所需设备复杂和计算量大的问题，提出基于CUDA的可视外壳并行计算仿真实验平台。用三维图形绘制管线中的视点模拟真实相机，应用相机参数将各图像中物体轮廓坐标统一转换到世界坐标系，利用CUDA并行计算可视外壳。在此平台上将基于体素的可视外壳生成算法转化为CUDA线程块并行计算，仿真实验表明加速效果明显。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：三维重建；可视外壳；GPU通用计算；CUDA；并行计算wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9       文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01- 0072-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
Parallel Simulation Platform for 3D Reconstruction from Multiple ViewswVw系统仿真学报主页
CHEN Guo-jun1,2, NIU Yu-mei1, SHEN Bao-ming1wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1. College of Computer and Communication Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266555, China;wVw系统仿真学报主页
2. State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: Due to the problems existing in image-based three-dimensional modeling, such as requirement for complex devices and heavy calculations, a simulation platform for parallel computing visual hull based on CUDA acceleration was proposed. According to 3D graphics processing pipeline,  the viewport was used to simulate real cameras, and with the aid of camera parameters, the coordinates of object silhouette in each image were transformed in world coordinate system, and visual hull was parallel computed using CUDA. On this platform, the voxel-based visual hull algorithm was converted into the process of parallel CUDA thread blocks. The simulation experiment shows the simulation platform based on CUDA can obviously improve the speed of the reconstruction.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: three-dimensional reconstruction; visual hull; general purpose GPU; CUDA; parallel computingwVw系统仿真学报主页

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※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

一个面向基坑工程领域的三维仿真模型构件库wVw系统仿真学报主页
奚雪峰1,2，班建民1,2，陆  悠1,2，赵  梅1，付保川1,2wVw系统仿真学报主页
（1.苏州科技学院 电子与信息工程学院，苏州 215011；2.苏州科技学院 网络信息工程研究所，苏州 215011）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要: 基于构件的软件复用技术可以很好地支撑三维仿真系统开发，是解决基坑工程领域三维建模的有效工具。针对基坑工程仿真系统应用，分析了可复用的三维构件模型，重点讨论了该领域构件的表示和检索技术；创建了一个用于管理这些复用构件的构件库系统；最后给出了该构件库系统的一个应用实例。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词: 构件库；软件复用；领域工程；虚拟现实建模语言；可扩展标记语言wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号: TP391      文献标识码: A     文章编号: 1004-731X (2012) 01-0076-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Domain Component Library of Three-dimensional Simulation ModelwVw系统仿真学报主页
for Foundation Pit EngineeringwVw系统仿真学报主页
XI Xue-feng1,2, BAN Jian-min1,2, LU You1,2, ZHAO Mei1, FU Bao-chuan1,2wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1. College of Electronic & Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China;wVw系统仿真学报主页
2. Network Information Engineering Institute, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: Software reuse technique based on component is an effective solution for developing a three-dimensional simulation system of foundation pit engineering. Firstly, a reusable three dimensional model was analyzed for the simulation system of foundation pit engineering, and followed by the further detailed discussion about the definition and search technology of these domain components. Meanwhile a software system, which includes the development of three dimensional components and the management of component database, was proposed. At last, an application was illustrated.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: component library; software reuse; domain engineering; VRML; XMLwVw系统仿真学报主页

 wVw系统仿真学报主页

※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

一种在线学习的视频图像分割算法wVw系统仿真学报主页
王爱平，潘衡岳，李思昆wVw系统仿真学报主页
（国防科学技术大学计算机学院, 长沙 410073）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：提出了一种在线学习的视频图像分割算法，通过结合视频图像的全局信息和局部信息，来完成视频图像的准确分割。该算法首先采用分类器对视频图像的无指导预分割结果进行整体的识别处理，得到粗糙的像素级前后景分割图像，再通过时空条件随机场最优化完成局部平滑处理，得到最终精确的像素级前后景分割图像。同时还提出了一种平衡采样策略和一种基于分割图像指导的样本更新算法，分别用以实现分类器准确的初始化和高效稳定的在线学习。基于真实视频序列的实验表明，相比已有方法，算法在低时间开销下，显著提高了分割的准确性与稳定性。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：在线学习；无指导图像分割；增量学习分类器；条件随机场；视频分割wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391       文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0081-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Online Learning Based Video Segmentation AlgorithmwVw系统仿真学报主页
WANG Ai-ping, PAN Heng-yue, LI Si-kunwVw系统仿真学报主页
(School of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: A novel online learning based video segmentation algorithm was proposed, combining both the global and local information of video images. The videos were pre-segmented by the unsupervised image segmentation method firstly, and then the coarse foreground was extracted by the detection of the classifier. After that, the final optimal pixel-wise segmentation was achieved by using spatial-temporal Conditional Random Fields, and the classifier was updated with the constraints of the segmentation result. Meanwhile, a balance sampling strategy and a sample-updating approach supervised by segmentation were proposed, to improve the accuracy and stability of the classifier on initialization and updating separately. Experiments on challenging video sequences show that the proposed method highly improves the precision and the stability of video segmentation with low time cost, compared to state-of-the-art methods.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: online learning; unsupervised image segmentation; incremental learning classifier; conditional random fields; video segmentationwVw系统仿真学报主页

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面向手机平台的快速笑脸识别方法wVw系统仿真学报主页
杨卫国1,2, 郑烁鹤2wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1.深圳康佳通信科技有限公司, 深圳 518058；2.华南理工大学电子与信息工程学院, 广州 510641)wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：近年来，随着手机平台处理能力的增强，手机内置笑脸识别功能变得可行。传统基于Gabor的笑脸识别方法应用于手机平台遇到的主要难点是运算量大、实时性差。提出了一种改进笑脸特征提取算法，该算法基于Gabor变换和Adaboost算法，训练时采用Gabor变换提取全部特征，然后利用AdaBoost算法从降采样特征中挑选关键特征；检测时先计算关键特征点和相关特征卷积模板，然后计算特征值，最后进行匹配。实验表明改进算法不仅比原算法识别速度快，而且特征点分布规律表明识别性能还具有改善的可能。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：手机平台；笑脸识别；Gabor变换；AdaBoost算法；特征选择wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.4      文献标识码: A       文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0086-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
Fast Smile Recognition Method for Mobile PlatformwVw系统仿真学报主页
YANG Wei-guo1,2, ZHENG Shuo-he2wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1. Shenzhen Konka Communication Technology Company, Shenzhen 518058, China;wVw系统仿真学报主页
2. School of Electronic and Information Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: Due to the increases in computing power and storage capacity of mobile devices over the years, an incorporation of realtime smile recognition to mobile devices such as mobile phone and PDA is no longer unattainable. The major obstacles to be overcome are the relatively low processor speed, low storage memory and low image quality in mobile devices. In order to solve the challenging problems, a novel and efficient feature extraction algorithm for smile detection was proposed. The proposed algorithm is based on Gabor filters and Adaboost algorithm. The global face features using gabor filters were extracted, and then through a training process using the AdaBoost algorithm, the system could efficiently search for key features in a large set of features. According to these features, the key points in the original image and the corresponding convolution masks could be calculated. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and the feasibility of its application in mobile devices were demonstrated through empirical experiments. The results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms several popular smile recognition methods with a dramatic reduction in computational speed.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: mobile platform; smile recognition; Gabor transform; AdaBoost algorithm; feature selectionwVw系统仿真学报主页

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基于头盔显示器的视频头位跟踪方法研究wVw系统仿真学报主页
王会平, 张国峰wVw系统仿真学报主页
（北京航空航天大学虚拟现实技术与系统国家重点实验室, 北京 100191）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要: 头位跟踪在虚拟现实系统中起着至关重要的作用。提出了一种新的基于头盔显示器的视频头位跟踪方法。首先设计了立体标记物，置于头盔显示器正上方，然后使用CAMSHIFT算法跟踪视频中标记物的四个非共面特征点，获取其像素坐标，跟踪过程中使用OpenMP实现了多点的同步跟踪。最后利用非共面的POSIT算法估计立体标记物的旋转矩阵和平移向量，得到头部位姿。实验表明，该方法是有效可行的，精度高、实时性好、无束缚。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词: 头位跟踪；头盔显示器；CAMSHIFT；OpenMP；POSITwVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9       文献标识码：A         文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0090-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
Video-based Head Tracking with HMDwVw系统仿真学报主页
WANG Hui-ping, ZHANG Guo-fengwVw系统仿真学报主页
(State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: Head tracking plays an important role in the VR (Virtual Reality) system. A novel video-based real time head tracking method with HMD was proposed. Firstly, a special marker laid on the HMD was designed for the system. CAMSHIFT algorithm was then employed to get the pixel positions of the corresponding feature points in the single-view video sequence. To overcome the efficiency bottleneck, OpenMP was employed for multiple targets tracking. Finally, the rotation matrix and translation vector of the marker were estimated by using the non-coplanar POSIT algorithm, and the pose of the head was attained from the rotation matrix. Experiments show the proposed method is feasible and effective with high accuracy and rate, and has no constraint.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: head tracking; HMD; CAMSHIFT; OpenMP; POSITwVw系统仿真学报主页

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面向多核CPU多GPU的节点内并行混合绘制模型wVw系统仿真学报主页
刘华海，王  攀，蔡  勋，曾  亮，王文珂，李思昆wVw系统仿真学报主页
（国防科学技术大学 计算机学院，长沙 410073）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：分布式并行绘制集群节点可以配置多核CPU和多个GPU构建节点内多CPU多GPU系统。现有的节点内并行绘制模型既没有充分发挥多核CPU的强大计算能力，还将绘制、读回和合成阶段串行耦合在一起导致了大量的GPU闲置停顿，严重影响了节点内并行绘制性能。提出了一种节点内高效的并行绘制模型，通过软件绘制与硬件绘制相结合的方法将硬件绘制与图像合成分离，同时利用DMA异步传输机制，构建了节点内绘制、读回和合成三段并行绘制流水线。与现有节点内并行绘制模型相比，并行混合绘制模型不但降低GPU资源闲置率，而且提高了CPU资源使用率。理论分析与实验表明相同应用采用并行混合绘制模型的性能可以达到现有模型的3~4倍，并且具有更好的数据扩展性、性能扩展性。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：Multi-GPU；Multi-CPU；分布式并行绘制；异步合成；DMAwVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.4      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0094-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Hybrid Rendering Model for Multi-CPU Multi-GPUwVw系统仿真学报主页
Distributed Parallel Rendering Cluster NodewVw系统仿真学报主页
LIU Hua-hai, WANG Pan, CAI Xun, ZENG Liang, WANG Wen-ke, LI Si-kunwVw系统仿真学报主页
(College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: Distributed parallel rendering cluster nodes can accommodate multi-core CPU and multi-GPU. But the present parallel rendering models of node do not make full use of the multi-core CPU computing power and serially join the rendering, readback and composition stages together. This damages system performance and frequently makes GPUs stall. A novel efficient parallel rendering model was introduced. It decoupled the hardware rendering and composition stage with hybrid rendering. With asynchronous DMA transfer, a parallel rendering pipeline with the three stages in one node was constructed. Comparing with the present models, the model not only decreases GPU stall and improves the multi-core CPU usage. Theoretical analysis and experiment results show that the model performance is 3~4 times of the presents model and has much better data and performance scalability.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: multi-GPU; multi-CPU; distributed parallel rendering; asynchronous composition; DMAwVw系统仿真学报主页
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无合成并行绘制算法中的自适应屏幕分割策略wVw系统仿真学报主页
王  攀，刘华海，李思昆，蔡  勋，曾  亮，王文珂wVw系统仿真学报主页
（国防科学技术大学计算机学院，长沙 410073）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要:多GPU无合成绘制算法采用混合sort-first与sort-last的并行绘制模式，将绘制任务划分为多个子任务集合进行并行绘制并异步合成显示。原方法中对屏幕的分割方式过于平凡，未明确提出一种高效的屏幕分割策略，从无合成算法本身特性出发，提出一种自适应屏幕划分策略，该算法根据GPU数目及绘制分辨率参数，启发式计算屏幕初始划分方式，再采用统计性能反馈的方式动态选择最佳屏幕划分方式，较原有方法更易于实现子屏幕任务的负载平衡，实验表明，算法在带来很少额外计算开销的同时，能够有效平衡并行绘制任务负载，进一步发挥多GPU无合成并行绘制系统的绘制效率。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：并行绘制; 无合成绘制系统; 自适应划分; 多GPU系统wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01- 0099-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Adaptive Partition Strategy on Screen Space in Compositeless AlgorithmwVw系统仿真学报主页
WANG Pan, LIU Hua-hai, LI Si-kun, CAI Xun, ZENG Liang, WANG Wen-kewVw系统仿真学报主页
(College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: The task partition strategy of compositeless parallel rendering algorithm is based on simple hybrid sort-last and sort first rendering mode. This strategy is too ordinary to exploit the efficiency of compositeless method. The characters of compositeless method were analyzed, and an adaptive task partition strategy in screen-order was proposed. The initial tile styles were computed heuristically according to thread numbers and valid screen, then the rendering frame rates were read back dynamically and the tile layout was tuned up adaptively. Using this feed back method, the optimal tile layout could be detected quickly while the associated overhead could be ignored. The experiment shows that combined with the adaptive algorithm, the compositeless method could achieve much higher performance than ever.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: parallel rendering; compositeless algorithm; adaptive partition; multi-GPUwVw系统仿真学报主页

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虚拟角色的一种自主运动路径规划方法wVw系统仿真学报主页
刘  箴, 谢伟刚wVw系统仿真学报主页
(宁波大学信息科学与工程学院, 宁波 315211)wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要: 虚拟角色的路径规划是动漫游戏的一个重要课题，如何建立高效的路径规划方法仍是一个热点话题。提出了一种基于感知记忆的路径规划方法，该算法包括全局路径规划、局部路径规划和记忆模块。全局路径规划是根据已知的路径建立的，提出了拥堵系数和容忍度的公式；而局部路径规划是根据局部感知建立的，虚拟角色能够依据局部路径规划探索一个未知环境，全局路径信息记录在记忆模块中。构造了一个包含虚拟角色的三维迷宫，实验结果表明，根据前面探索信息建立的全局路径规划是有效的。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词: 路径规划；全局路径规划；局部路径规划；虚拟角色wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9     文献标识码：A     文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0104-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
Method of Autonomous Path Planning for Virtual CharacterwVw系统仿真学报主页
LIU Zhen, XIE Wei-gangwVw系统仿真学报主页
(Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: Path planning of a virtual character is a very important subject for cartoon games, and how to build the high-effect methods of path planning is still a hot topic. A perception-memory based path planning was proposed, and the algorithm is composed of global path planning, local path planning and memory module. The global path planning was set up based on the known paths, the formulas for congestion coefficient and tolerance were proposed, and the local path planning was built by local perception. A virtual character could explore an unknown environment by local path planning, and the information of the global path was recorded in memory module. A 3D maze with a virtual character was established. The experiment shows that the global path planning by previous exploration information is effective.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: path planning; global path planning; local path planning; virtual characterwVw系统仿真学报主页

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基于虚拟现实技术的居家火灾逃生系统的研究wVw系统仿真学报主页
谢海明，刘  箴wVw系统仿真学报主页
（宁波大学信息工程学院，宁波 315211）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：火灾逃生教育具有重要的现实意义，但在现实生活中，面向公众的火灾逃生演练通常花费很大。虚拟现实技术也能模拟火灾场景，可以增强逃生教育的效果，同时能大大降低训练的费用。建立了面向火灾逃生训练的虚拟现实原型系统，我们编制了集粒子动画和声音于一体的游戏风格图形界面，用户可以控制替身在虚拟火灾场景中逃生，替身的运动采用骨骼动画实现，我们使用面部表情图片来描述替身的情绪状态。初步的实验结果表明，该演示系统能够使火灾逃生演练变得更形象。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：虚拟现实；动画；场景；火灾；逃生教育wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0108-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Research on Home Fire Escape System Based on Virtual RealitywVw系统仿真学报主页
XIE Hai-ming, LIU ZhenwVw系统仿真学报主页
(Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: Fire escape education has very important practical significance, and a fire escape training for public is usually expensive in real life. Virtual reality can simulate a fire scene and enhance escape education. Meanwhile it can reduce the overall training costs greatly. A virtual reality demo system for fire escape training was set up, a game-like graphics interface with particle animation and sounds was programmed, a user could control an avatar to escape from the virtual fire scene, the avatar’s movement was realized in skeleton animation, and a facial expression picture was used to express the avatar’s emotion state. The preliminary test shows that the demo system can make fire escape training to be more vivid.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: virtual reality; animation; scene; fire; escape educationwVw系统仿真学报主页

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结合图像特征和几何特征的级联图像匹配方法wVw系统仿真学报主页
潘衡岳，王爱平，程志全，金士尧wVw系统仿真学报主页
（国防科技大学计算机学院，长沙 410073）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要: 提出了一种多特征级联目标匹配算法（MFCM）。在先前的研究中提出的基于几何特征的匹配方法复杂度普遍较高，需要改进。MFCM算法首先使用图像特征为每一个特征点建立潜在匹配集，然后进行两级匹配：第一级匹配采用分治思想，利用几何特征建立匹配结果集，并应用投票机制来确保匹配的稳定性；第二级匹配在模板点集和匹配结果集之间建立对应关系。新算法有效提高了几何匹配方法的效率，同时保持了较高的匹配正确率。实验结果表明，MFCM算法可以有效处理大数据量的目标匹配问题。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：MFCM；目标匹配；几何特征；图像特征wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.4       文献标识码：A       文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0113-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
Cascade Object Matching by Combining Image Feature and Geometry FeaturewVw系统仿真学报主页
PAN Heng-yue, WANG Ai-ping, CHENG Zhi-quan, JIN Shi-yaowVw系统仿真学报主页
(National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: A new multi-feature cascade object matching (MFCM) method was proposed. Some previous works provided some object matching methods based on geometry feature. However, the complexity of these methods was too high. The key idea the MFCM method is that using the image feature to build the potential matching set for each point and then do the matching process twice: firstly, using the geometry feature to find the exactly corresponding point and add them to the "Result Set", through the geometry matching process, a vote mechanism was used to ensure the correctness; secondly, building the correspondence between the model point set and result set. The new method has both higher efficiency and correction than other geometry method. The results of experiments show that this new method can deal with the object matching problem with large amount of data.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: MFCM; object matching; geometry feature; image featurewVw系统仿真学报主页

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考虑轮廓不透明和光照效果的改进透明混合方法wVw系统仿真学报主页
罗  备, 罗月童, 杜  涛wVw系统仿真学报主页
（合肥工业大学计算机与信息学院VCC研究室, 合肥 230009）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：光线跟踪算法虽然能够逼真的渲染透明物体，但难以融入在交互式图形应用中广泛使用的固定图形流水线，因此发展能应用于固定图形流水线的透明渲染算法具有重要意义。Alpha混合方法在固定图形渲染流水线中被广泛用于渲染透明物体，但其渲染结果的真实感较弱。利用现代可编程GPU，动态调整alpha混合因子增强结果图像的真实感。alpha混合因子调整策略依据以下事实：根据透明物体轮廓的不透明性比中间区域大以及在含有光照的情况下光线直射的区域会更透明。方法已经应用于自主研发的“数字锂铅实验回路仿真系统”，该系统存在大量的透明管道，取得了良好的透明效果。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：alpha混合；可编程GPU；轮廓不透明；光照wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP 391.9      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01- 0117-03wVw系统仿真学报主页
Improved Transparency Blending MethodwVw系统仿真学报主页
for Silhouette-Opaque and Lighting EffectwVw系统仿真学报主页
LUO Bei, LUO Yue-tong, DU TaowVw系统仿真学报主页
(VCC Division, School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: Although ray tracing can render transparent objects realistically, it is hard to be integrated into the fixed graphic pipeline, which has been widely used in interactive graphics applications, so it is significant to develop transparent rending method for fixed graphic pipeline. Alpha blending is widely applied in the fixed graphic pipeline to realize transparent rendering, but the result image is poor realism. Utilizing modern programmable GPU, the alpha blending factor was dynamically adjusted to achieve more realistic result image. The adjusting scheme is based on the following observation: regions around object silhouette look more opaque than the middle and in the case of lighting the direct light areas will be more transparent. This approach has been applied to self-developed “Digital LiPb loop simulation system”, which has lots of transparent pipelines, and the result is satisfying.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: alpha blending; programmable GPU; silhouette-opaque; lightingwVw系统仿真学报主页

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※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

基于细胞膜优化算法的几何约束求解wVw系统仿真学报主页
曹春红1,3,4，刘凤辉2，赵大哲3，张  斌1wVw系统仿真学报主页
（1.东北大学信息科学与工程学院，沈阳 110819；2.辽宁省气象局财务核算中心，沈阳 110013；wVw系统仿真学报主页
3. 医学影像计算教育部重点实验室，东北大学, 沈阳 110819；wVw系统仿真学报主页
4.吉林大学符号计算与知识工程教育部重点实验室， 长春 130012）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要: 几何约束问题可以等价为求解非线性方程组问题。约束问题可以转化为一个优化问题。采用基于细胞膜优化算法来求解该问题。受细胞膜物质转运方式的启发，把物质分为三种：脂溶性物质、高浓度非脂溶性物质和低浓度非脂溶性物质。从中提取出优化模型，使用细胞膜优化算法(CMO)来求解几何约束问题。实验表明，该方法可以提高几何约束求解的效率和收敛性。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词: 几何约束求解；细胞膜优化算法；全局优化；智能计算wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.72      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0120-03wVw系统仿真学报主页
Geometric Constraint Solving Based on Cell Membrane OptimizationwVw系统仿真学报主页
CAO Chun-hong1,3,4, LIU Feng-hui2, ZHAO Da-zhe3, ZHANG Bin1wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1. College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China;wVw系统仿真学报主页
2. Liaoning Weather Bureau Financial Accounting Center, Shenyang 110013, China;wVw系统仿真学报主页
3. Key Laboratory of Medical Image Computing of Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China；wVw系统仿真学报主页
4. Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, wVw系统仿真学报主页
Changchun 130012, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: Geometric constraint problem is equivalent to the problem of solving a set of nonlinear equations substantially. The constraint problem can be transformed to an optimization n problem. The problem with cell membrane optimization could be solved. Inspired by membrane material transport, the material was divided into three types: fat-soluble substances, high concentrations non-fat-soluble substances and low concentrations non-fat-soluble substances. The optimization model was extracted from and the cell optimization (CMO) was used to solve geometric constraint problems. The experiment shows that it can improve the geometric constraint solving efficiency and possess better convergence property than the compared algorithms.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: geometric constraint solving; cell membrane optimization; global optimization; intelligent computingwVw系统仿真学报主页

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船舶轮机模拟器CAVE系统设计与关键技术研究wVw系统仿真学报主页
曾  鸿, 张均东, 何治斌, 王  宁wVw系统仿真学报主页
（大连海事大学轮机学院, 大连 116026）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：设计了一个用于船舶轮机仿真训练的五通道CAVE系统，给出了详细的系统配置。按模块的功能，将软件划分成轮机仿真核心模块、轮机三维仿真模块、轮机二维仿真模块及前台缓存处理模块，并详细介绍了各模块的功能与划分依据。为保证仿真过程中数据与图像的同步，设计并实现了多通道同步机制。给出了虚拟机舱自动漫游算法及交互实体行为模型。该文设计的高度沉浸感船舶轮机模拟器视景系统可有效节约航海教育的实船训练成本。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：自动漫游；行为模型；船舶；轮机模拟器；虚拟现实；洞穴式投影wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP 391.9; U664. 82      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0123-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
Marine Engine Room SimulatorwVw系统仿真学报主页
CAVE Design and Key Technologies ResearchwVw系统仿真学报主页
ZENG Hong, ZHANG Jun-dong, HE Zhi-bin, WANG NingwVw系统仿真学报主页
(Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: A five channel CAVE for marine engine room visual simulation was designed and the system configuration was given in detail. According to the function, the software was divided into four modules, including engine room simulation kernel model, visual simulation module, mimic simulation module, and front buffer process module. The detail functions of the modules were introduced. To synchronize the image and data of every channel during simulation, a multichannel synchronization mechanism was designed and realized. Automatic navigation algorithm in virtual environment and virtual interactive entities behavior model were given. The high immersive feeling visual system of marine engine room simulator designed can effectively save the real ship training cost in marine education.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: automatic navigation; behavior model; marine; engine room simulator; virtual reality; CAVEwVw系统仿真学报主页

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※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

基于关键姿态映射的运动重定向wVw系统仿真学报主页
李  琳，郑利平，王玉培，刘晓平wVw系统仿真学报主页
（合肥工业大学计算机与信息学院VCC研究室，合肥 230009）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：提出一种基于关键姿态映射的运动重定向方法，实现不同角色之间运动序列的快速映射。首先，对源运动数据降维，在低维空间中做聚类分析，提取关键姿态；其次，参数化运动序列，计算运动权值；最后，自动求解目标角色的关键姿态，结合运动权值重构目标角色的运动。实验结果表明，该方法较为完整的保留了源运动序列的特征，且重定向得到的运动较为平滑自然。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：角色动画；运动重定向；关键姿态；聚类分析wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP 391.9      文献标识码：A       文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01- 0127-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Motion Retargeting Based on Key-postures MappingwVw系统仿真学报主页
LI Lin, ZHENG Li-ping, WANG Yu-pei, LIU Xiao-pingwVw系统仿真学报主页
(VCC Division, School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: An approach to motion retargeting based on key-postures mapping was proposed, which achieved fast motion retargeting between different characters. Firstly, the original high-dimensional motion data was mapped into a low-dimensional space, and the key-postures were extracted. Secondly, the original motion sequence was parameterized and the weights were computed. Finally, the key-postures of the target character were solved automatically, and motion of the target character was synthesized by these weights of the original motion. Experimental results demonstrate the method can hold main feature of source character. Moreover, the retargeted motion is quite smooth and natural.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: character animation; motion retargeting; key-posture; posture clusteringwVw系统仿真学报主页

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※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

一种快速的海浪仿真方法wVw系统仿真学报主页
赵  欣，裴炳南wVw系统仿真学报主页
(大连大学信息工程学院, 大连 116622)wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：海浪仿真的实时性是海洋场景仿真的重要需求之一。对海面网格和浪高计算同时进行简化处理，提出一种快速的海浪仿真方法。该方法采用放射状环形网格对海面进行LOD划分，用海浪谱反演生成海浪高度纹理图序列，并在GPU顶点着色器上对海面网格进行循环纹理映射以获得网格节点的动态高度数据。同时，采用多级纹理映射和视域裁剪对海面网格进行优化处理。实验结果表明，提出的方法能有效提升海浪仿真速度，仿真对CPU的占用率低，真实感强，可充分满足视景仿真系统对海浪仿真的实时性要求。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：海浪仿真；细节层次模型；纹理映射；GPUwVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9        文献标识码：A        文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0132-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
Fast Ocean Wave Simulation MethodwVw系统仿真学报主页
ZHAO Xin, PEI Bing-nanwVw系统仿真学报主页
(School of Information Engineering, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: Real-time performance of ocean wave simulation is one of the important requirements in visual ocean scene. A fast and effective method for real-time simulation of ocean wave was proposed by simplifying ocean surface mesh and wave height computing. A radiate ring-like grid was used as LOD (Level of Detail) method for ocean surface rendering. Ocean wave spectrum was used for generating wave-height texture maps. Dynamic height of every grid node was got by mapping height texture to ocean grid in a cycle on GPU vertex shader. The ocean grid was optimized by Multi-Level texture mapping and view field clipping. Simulation results show that the method can effectively increase ocean wave simulation speed with low CPU occupancy rate and realistic effect, which meets real-time simulation requirement of ocean wave in visual simulation system.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: ocean wave simulation; levels of detail; texture maps; GPUwVw系统仿真学报主页

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※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

双相机多点触控系统wVw系统仿真学报主页
赵斌陶，陈  靖，刘  越，王涌天wVw系统仿真学报主页
(北京理工大学光电学院、光电成像技术与系统教育部重点实验室, 北京 100081)wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：为解决多点触控系统花费高、分辨率不足、体积庞大、容易受环境光影响等问题，提出了一种采用双摄像机的多点系统，通过多手指的点击和移动动作实现人机交互。该系统以双摄像机监控交互平面上的手指输入，利用图像处理技术得到触点在双相机中的位置，再结合标定数据进行差值计算得到触点的屏幕坐标，通过对触点的跟踪得到多点数据。图片浏览互动平台的实验结果表明，本文所提出的系统可用于多点触摸，并且具有很好的精确度。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：多点触控；图像处理；人机交互；高分辨率wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.41      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01- 0136-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Multi-touch System Using Two CameraswVw系统仿真学报主页
ZHAO Bin-tao, CHEN Jing, LIU Yue, WANG Yong-tianwVw系统仿真学报主页
(Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Imaging Technology and System, Ministry of Education of China,wVw系统仿真学报主页
School of Optics and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: To tackle the problems of high cost, low resolution, bulk mass and easily being affected by ambient light of Multi-touch system, a dual-camera multi-touch system was proposed which could achieve human-computer interaction by simply clicking and moving the fingers on the interaction surface. The proposed system detected the input of fingers by two cameras, obtained the positions of Multi-points in two cameras by image processing, and calculated the coordinates in screen coordinate by combining with calibration data, and finally obtained the Multi-points data by tracking the touch points. The experimental results of photo interactive platform show that this system can be used for Multi-touch with good accuracy.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: multi-touch; image processing; human-computer interaction; high resolutionwVw系统仿真学报主页

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基于线段和消隐点的建筑墙面自动分割算法wVw系统仿真学报主页
万国伟，王爱平，李思昆wVw系统仿真学报主页
（国防科学技术大学计算机学院，长沙 410073）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：建筑物的墙面分割是基于图像建模、路标识别、导航及场景理解等室外城市环境应用系统中的基础内容，目前基于多幅图像重建的墙面分割方法或基于重复结构假设的先验知识的分割方法具有计算量大和通用性差等特点。为了能够简捷、快速、准确地得到墙面分割结果，提出一种针对建筑物的墙面自动分割算法，用于将二维图像中的建筑物分割为分离的墙面集合，可满足路标识别、导航、场景理解的实时性需求。该算法利用从图像中提取的线段和消隐点信息，将高维的建筑墙面分割问题转化为一维分割问题。实验结果表明，该方法具有精确度高、鲁棒性好、效率高等优点。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：墙面分割；线段；消隐点；马尔可夫随机场；图割算法wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号:TP391.9       文献标识码：A       文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01- 0141-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Facade Segmentation Based on Lines and Vanishing PointswVw系统仿真学报主页
WAN Guo-wei, WANG Ai-ping, LI Si-kunwVw系统仿真学报主页
(School of Computer Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: Segmenting facades from buildings is important to a variety of vision applications operating in outdoor urban environments which include image-based modeling, landmark recognition, autonomous navigation and urban scene understanding. The method based on Structure-from-Motion relies on multiple images, and the cost of computation is high, and the method based on prior knowledge about arbitrarily shaped repetitive regions cannot handle non-repetitive facades segmentation. In order to segment facades simply, fast and accurately, an automatic algorithm for facade segmentation was proposed, which segmented building to separate facade set. Based on the detected lines and corresponding vanishing points, the facade-segmentation problem was converted to a simple 1D segmentation. The experiment results show that the method is accurate, robust and efficient to facade segmentation problem.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: facades segmentation; detected lines; vanishing points; MRF; graph-cutwVw系统仿真学报主页

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※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

基于区块自适应网格的全球地形快速绘制算法wVw系统仿真学报主页
谭力恒，魏迎梅wVw系统仿真学报主页
（国防科学技术大学信息系统与管理学院，长沙 410073）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：在基于球面剖分的全球地形数据组织模型基础上，实现了一种视点相关的全球地形数据快速调度与可视化的算法。提出了一种基于区块纹理分辨率的自适应目标层次模型提取方法，能够快速准确地得到视点相关的正确细节模型，且算法的时间空间复杂度与全球地形模型的数据量无关。进而通过利用区块结构的一致性进行高效的外存数据调度，尽可能地减少了系统I/O带来的性能瓶颈，在实现数据重利用的同时很好地管理了内存消耗。实验表明，基于该算法可以实现全球地形的高效绘制，并且对硬件配置要求很低，具有很好的实用性。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：连续区块层次细节模型；视点相关；基于外存的数据调度；地形绘制wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0146-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
Global Terrain Rendering Algorithm Based on Block Adaption MeshwVw系统仿真学报主页
TAN Li-heng, WEI Ying-meiwVw系统仿真学报主页
(School of Information System and Management, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: An efficient method for out-of-core global terrain rendering was realized based on a spherical-block data model. Firstly, an adaption LOD selection algorithm was proposed based on block resolution, whose complexity was independent of the amount of global terrain data. Then, an efficient out-of-core strategy was employed to reduce the I/O workload, which took advantage of the coherency of the block structure. With regard to the performance, it remains favourable compared to current other approaches, while does not rely on the powerful graphic hardware.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: block-based continuous LOD; view dependent; out-of-core; terrain renderingwVw系统仿真学报主页

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※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

基于连续球面剖分的全球地形数据组织模型wVw系统仿真学报主页
杨  冰，谭力恒，魏迎梅wVw系统仿真学报主页
（国防科学技术大学信息系统与管理学院，长沙 410073）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：基于正八面体球面剖分的思路，提出了一种对全球地形数据进行组织管理的方法。该方法扩展了QTM的定义，采用了一种新颖的经纬度相关的编码方式，可用于对数据进行快速地检索与调度。同时采用了批量处理的策略，将模型的基本单元从单一三角形变为批量三角形的集合—区块，大大减少了调度过程中CPU负担。并针对区块的数据结构，设计了一种紧密集成的存储方式，减少了系统I/O的代价，便于数据的调度与管理。整体模型结构明确，存储高效，调度方便，能够很好地支持全球范围下地形数据处理与可视化的应用要求。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：球面剖分；多分辨率建模；基于外存的数据调度；存储布局wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0150-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
Global Terrain Data Model Based on Continuous Spherical GridwVw系统仿真学报主页
YANG Bing, TAN Li-heng, WEI Ying-meiwVw系统仿真学报主页
(School of Information System and Management, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: An efficient technology was proposed to build the global terrain data model. The proposed method introduced a novel strategy to code and index the global data, which extended the idea of QTM. Instead of the triangle, the block, composed of a few hundreds of triangles, was used as the basic primitive entity in the entire model. And the global data was cache-coherent stored block by block, which was efficient for the users to manage and dispatch. The proposed technique is fully scalable to support the applications of global data analysis or visualization, etc.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: spherical grid; multi-resolution modeling; out of core; layout techniqueswVw系统仿真学报主页

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※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

基于CUDA的立体匹配算法评估工具研究wVw系统仿真学报主页
黄  海1, 吴  昊2wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1. 北京邮电大学信息与通信工程学院, 北京 100876; 2. 天津大学电子信息工程学院, 天津 300072)wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：立体匹配是虚拟现实领域的重要研究内容，已有研究主要关注提高算法的精度，对算法运行的时间性能考虑较少。为了方便对不同立体匹配算法的运行速度进行对比，设计并实现了基于CUDA的立体匹配算法评估工具。介绍其环境配置、各个功能模块，并对两个典型立体匹配算法进行了测试和分析。实验结果表明，能够从精度和运行时间两个方面对立体匹配算法进行评估。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：CUDA; 立体匹配；评估；工具wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.4      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01- 0154-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
Evaluation Tool for Stereo Matching Algorithms Based on CUDAwVw系统仿真学报主页
HUANG Hai1, WU Hao2wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1. School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China;wVw系统仿真学报主页
2. School of Electronic Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: Stereo matching is an important research topic in virtual reality. Existing research mainly focuses on improving accuracy, concerning less on run time of the algorithm. In order to facilitate the speed comparison of stereo matching algorithms, an evaluation tool for stereo matching algorithms was realized based on CUDA. The environment configuration and each module were introduced. And two typical stereo matching algorithms were tested. The results show that the platform can be applied for evaluation of stereo matching algorithms from both aspects of accuracy and run time.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: CUDA; stereo matching; evaluation; toolwVw系统仿真学报主页

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※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

医学仿真中一种高效的生物组织几何建模方法wVw系统仿真学报主页
周  筠1，樊晓平1,2，蒋  富1wVw系统仿真学报主页
（1.中南大学信息科学与工程学院，长沙 410075；2.湖南财政经济学院信息管理系，长沙 410205）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：在生物医学仿真系统的应用背景下，以医学体数据为数据来源，提出一种高效的生物组织几何建模方法。该方法包括等值面提取、等值面预处理、Delaunay表面重建和四面体填充四个部分。引入基于二义性检测索引表的Marching cubes算法，保证生成等值面拓扑的正确性；提出三角形顶点射线法去除等值面简化后内部遗留的冗余网格；引入顶点控制球策略，克服限定Delaunay细分算法无法收敛的缺陷，有效生成Delaunay表面模型；提出自适应的内部节点添加技术进行Delaunay四面体填充。实验表明，提出的方法在有效保证网格拓扑的基础上，可根据需求生成满足Delaunay准则的目标组织几何模型。生成的模型已应用于生物医学仿真系统。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词: 生物医学仿真；医学体数据；几何模型；限定Delaunay； Marching cubeswVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391        文献标识号: A        文章编号: 1004-731X (2012) 01- 0158-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Effective Tissue Geometry Modeling Method in Biomedical SimulationwVw系统仿真学报主页
ZHOU Yun1, FAN Xiao-ping1,2, JIANG Fu1wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1. School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China;wVw系统仿真学报主页
2. Department of Information Management, Hunan University of Finance and Economics, Changsha 410205, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: A reliable and effective modeling method was proposed for Biomedical Simulation. The method takes medical volume data as input and consists of four parts - iso-surface generation, preprocess, Delaunay surface re-meshing and tetrahedralization. An improved marching cubes method based on ambiguity detection index table was presented to generate tissue iso-surface. Redundant triangles from the simplified iso-surface were deleted by clever strategy, then a polyhedron surface was produced. To construct Delaunay surface, a sphere control based Delaunay refinement was introduced to re-meshing the polyhedron. For the demands of tetrahedral mesh, space-disassembling method combining with random perturbations was presented to fill Delaunay tetrahedrons. Experimental results show that the presented method can produce tissue geometry model conforming to the Delaunay criterion. The generated meshes are well suited for Biomedical Simulation.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: biomedical simulation; medical volume data; geometry model; conforming delaunay; marching cubeswVw系统仿真学报主页

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※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

基于分布式绘制的大幅面立体像对快速浏览技术wVw系统仿真学报主页
刘  涛1，谢剑薇1，龚雪晶1，赵兴国2wVw系统仿真学报主页
（1. 装备指挥技术学院, 北京 101416; 2. 空军95806部队, 北京 100076）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：针对当前影像数据存储格式不能适应海量影像数据快速访问的情况，研究设计了大幅面立体像对的逻辑四叉树存储格式，并通过立体像对的逻辑四叉树剖分算法把普通格式的立体像对格式快速转换成逻辑四叉树存储格式。由于单机显示无法满足大幅面立体像对的高分辨率、高沉浸感的显示，因此系统研究了大幅面立体像对快速浏览的分布式结构，包括硬件选择、分布式策略和通信方式等方面。由于当前分布式网络不足以支持大规模数据的实时传输，根据帧相关性原理，研究提出了大幅面立体像对的分布式缓冲机制。最后通过实验证明该方法能够实现大幅面立体像对的实时浏览。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：立体像对；四叉树；分布式绘制；实时wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图法分类号：TP391.5     文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0163-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
Fast Rendering for Great Width Stereo Image Pair Based on Distributed RenderingwVw系统仿真学报主页
LIU Tao1, XIE Jian-wei1, GONG Xue-jing1, ZHAO Xing-guo2wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1.The Academy of Equipment Command & Technology, Beijing 101416, China; 2. No. 95806 Troop, Beijing 100076, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: The current image data format cannot fit the fast access of the massive image data, so the logistic quad-tree structure has been designed for the large scale stereo image pair, and the ordinary form of stereo image pair can be fast changed into logistic quad-tree structure ones through the split method of the logistic quad-tree structure. The single machine display cannot meet the high resolution and high immersion display of the large scale stereo image pair, so the distributed structure has been studied to the fast browsing of the large scale stereo image pair, including hardware choice, distributed strategy, communications method, and so on. Because the current distributed network is insufficient to support the real-time transmission of the large-scale data, the data management mechanism has been proposed for the large scale stereo image pair according to the frame relevant principle, including distributed cache mechanism and fast access algorithm. The experiment proves that the application above technology to the fast rendering for the great width stereo image pair has realized real-time roams in the large screen stereo display.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: stereo image pair; quad-tree; distributed rendering; real-timewVw系统仿真学报主页

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※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

基于XML和关系数据库的可视化工作流系统wVw系统仿真学报主页
陈  谊，侯  堃，新吉乐，陈红倩wVw系统仿真学报主页
(北京工商大学计算机与信息工程学院，北京 100048)wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：以实现一个具有可视化工作流设计和执行功能的工作流管理系统为目标，提出了一种将XML技术和关系数据库技术相结合、具有层次体系结构的工作流管理系统框架。介绍了工作流管理技术的概念、历史现状以及主要标准和技术，给出了系统的层次结构和系统组成，详细描述了系统的数据存储结构、工作流交接处理过程、XML解析方法以及利用客户端脚本技术实现工作流设计可视化的具体方法，最后在.NET平台上实现了该系统。实际应用表明，该系统能够有效实现企业项目管理中的工作流程管理。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：工作流；可视化；XML；关系数据库wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.7      文献标识码：A       文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0167-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
Visualized Workflow System Based on XML and Relational DatabasewVw系统仿真学报主页
CHEN Yi, HOU Kun, XIN Ji-le, CHEN Hong-qianwVw系统仿真学报主页
(College of Computer and Information Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: In order to implement a workflow management system which can support visual designing and execution of a project management workflow, a 4-layer workflow management system framework based on XML and related database was proposed, which covered the concepts, history and current advance of workflow management system, with introduction of dominant standards and technologies, and described the 4-layer system structure and system composition, data structure, the connect method of each procedure in workflow, the parsing method for XML, and implementation techniques of visual design of workflow. The workflow management system was realized in ASP.NET environment. Application shows that the system could effectively realize the project management process.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: workflow; visualization; XML; relational databasewVw系统仿真学报主页

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※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

一种基于梯度域的三维军标绘制方法wVw系统仿真学报主页
陈红倩1，张庆义2，李凤霞2，陈  谊1wVw系统仿真学报主页
（1 北京工商大学 计算机与信息工程学院，北京 100048 wVw系统仿真学报主页
2 北京理工大学 计算机学院 智能信息技术北京市重点实验室, 北京 100081）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：为提高三维战场环境仿真中军标的标绘速度，提出一种基于梯度域的三维动态军标快速绘制方法。本方法首先提取军标覆盖区域的地形数据，通过梯度域计算获取对地形形状影响最大的若干特征点；通过特征合并对特征点进行进一步精简；通过对特征点进行样条插值，实现三维军标控制曲线的平滑过渡。实验证明，通过本绘制方法可以实现军标的快速绘制，并能使军标在动态运动过程中保持地形匹配，可显著提高军标绘制效率。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：三维军标；梯度域计算；Catmull-Rom曲线；地形匹配wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01- 0171-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
Rendering Method for 3D Military Symbol Based on Gradient FieldwVw系统仿真学报主页
CHEN Hong-qian1, ZHANG Qing-yi2, LI Feng-xia2, CHEN Yi1wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1. Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;wVw系统仿真学报主页
2. Beijing Laboratory of Intelligent Information Technology, School of Computer Science and Technology,wVw系统仿真学报主页
Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: To improve the marking performance of the 3D military symbol, a fast rendering method based on gradient field was proposed. The method could decrease rapidly the time cost of generating and rendering for 3D symbol. The approach extracted the terrain height data covered by the symbol. And the feature of the terrain via processing in the gradient field was obtained. The feature points were simplified by combining based on their contribution. The smooth effect of the final control curve was achieved by interpolating these feature points. The interpolating procedure adopted the Catmull-Rom algorithm. The experimental results denote that the method can render the 3D symbol quickly. The final result can keep dynamic matching the terrain during simulation.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: 3d military symbol; gradient field processing; Catmull-Rom spline; terrain-matchingwVw系统仿真学报主页

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※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

三维随机海浪交互式仿真技术研究wVw系统仿真学报主页
苏玉民，付金丽，王  卓wVw系统仿真学报主页
（哈尔滨工程大学水下机器人技术重点实验室，哈尔滨 150001）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：随着自然现象的交互式模型不断发展，海浪的可视化模拟日益受到关注。通过研究三维随机海浪的仿真技术，基于Gerstner海浪模型开发仿真系统，并利用海浪谱对其进行仿真控制。此外，从网格模型的建立与优化，纹理映射与光照三个方面讨论了三维海浪的仿真方法。仿真结果表明，该系统不仅可以实现实时、逼真的三维随机海浪仿真，同时具有较好的交互性。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：虚拟现实；视景仿真；海浪；人机交互；动画wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9     文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0175-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Studying Interactive Technology of Simulation for 3D Ocean WaveswVw系统仿真学报主页
SU Yu-min, FU Jin-li, WANG ZhuowVw系统仿真学报主页
(Science and Technology on Underwater Vehicle Laboratory of Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: With the development of interactive models for natural phenomena, the visualization simulation of ocean waves has been paid more and more attention. A study on simulating for 3D random ocean waves was proposed. A program was developed based on Gerstner model, and the wave spectrum was used to control ocean waves. Moreover, the mesh, the texture mapping and the illumination of 3D ocean waves were discussed in detail. The result demonstrates that the program can not only simulate the real-time, vivid 3D random ocean waves, but also has better interaction.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: virtual reality; visual simulation; ocean waves; human-computer interaction; animationwVw系统仿真学报主页

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※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

融合数值流场的内河船舶三维航行虚拟现实系统wVw系统仿真学报主页
张  丹1,2, 黄立文1, 陈蜀喆1, 范晓飚1,2wVw系统仿真学报主页
（1. 武汉理工大学航运学院，武汉 430063；2. 重庆交通大学航海学院，重庆 400074）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：为缓解船舶驾驶员在航行环境复杂水域的心理压力，提高船舶航行安全，使船舶驾驶员更直观准确地利用两岸地形及根据航道尺度、桥梁通航尺度、水流态势等情况航行，采用虚拟现实技术对船舶三维航行环境进行了仿真。以长江重庆主城区段水域为例，在对该水域流场的数值模拟的基础上，构建了融合数值流场的船舶三维航行环境。仿真结果表明：所研制的系统对船舶航行环境具有逼真的可视化效果，可有效地提高航行安全和缓解驾驶员心理压力。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：三维可视化；数值流场；船舶航行环境；虚拟现实wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP 391.9       文献标识码：A       文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0180-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
Virtual Reality System for Inland Ship Navigation by Coupling NumericalwVw系统仿真学报主页
 Simulation Model of Flow with Three-dimensional Simulation PlatformwVw系统仿真学报主页
ZHANG Dan1,2, HUANG Li-wen1, CHEN Shu-zhe1, FAN Xiao-biao1,2wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1. Navigation College of Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China;wVw系统仿真学报主页
2. Maritime College of Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: The ship’s three-dimensional navigation environment was simulated by the virtual reality technology in order to ease the psychological pressure of the ship pilots navigating in the complex waters and improve the navigational safety. What’s more, the simulation could help the ship pilots make good use of waterway form and navigation scale such as channel dimension, bridge scale for navigation, and water flow situation, etc, intuitively and accurately to navigate. Taking the waters adjacent to Changjiang and Jialing Rivers Interjunction in Chongqing as an example, the three-dimensional navigation environment amalgamating numerical flow field was constructed based on the numerical simulation of flow filed. The simulation results show that the developed system can effectively improve the safety of navigation and ease the psychological pressure of the pilot because of the fidelity and visualization of the simulated ship’s navigation environment.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: three-dimensional visualization; numerical flow field; navigation environment; virtual realitywVw系统仿真学报主页

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※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

一个煤矿作业仿真系统的开发wVw系统仿真学报主页
吴元锋1，李大锦2wVw系统仿真学报主页
（1.山东新泰泰丰矿业集团公司, 新泰 271200; 2.山东师范大学 传媒学院, 济南 250014）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：加强作业训练是保障煤矿生产安全的主要措施，为解决煤矿行业中传统的作业培训方法的局限性，基于VIRTOOLS平台开发了煤矿作业仿真训练系统。借助于该系统，受训者在虚拟的煤矿工作环境中完成各种安全操作规程的学习和各工种的操作训练。从系统组成与功能、虚拟环境创建、训练评价、系统优化等方面对SSCMT系统的设计与开发做了详细的论述。通过实际的应用显示：SSCMT在降低培训成本、激发学习兴趣、提高培训质量方面收到了良好的效果。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：虚拟训练；煤矿作业；虚拟现实；训练评价wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391; TD7        文献标识码：A         文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0184-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
Development of Simulation System on Coal-mine Work TrainingwVw系统仿真学报主页
WU Yuan-feng1, LI Da-jin2wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1. Taifeng Mine Group Company of Shandong, Xintai 271200, China;wVw系统仿真学报主页
2. Communication School of Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: Strengthening the practice training is a primary means to ensure the safety in coal production. To solve the limitation of traditional work training method in coal industry, a Simulation System of Coal-Mine Work Training (SSCMT) was developed based on VIRTOOLS. With the system, the trainees could complete various operating training and study various operating regulations in a virtual coal-mine working environment.  A detailed explanation of the design and development of SSCMT was made from the following aspects: system functions, creating a virtual environment, training evaluation, system optimization. The realistic application demonstrates that the SSCMT system has brought good results in reduction of training cost, stimulation of learning interest, and improvement of training quality.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: virtual training; coal mines works; virtual reality; training evaluationwVw系统仿真学报主页

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※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

一种基于视频的水下场景复原算法wVw系统仿真学报主页
李  磊，王  庆，肖照林wVw系统仿真学报主页
（西北工业大学计算机学院, 西安 710072）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：为了从由水面波动引起严重失真的视频中快速恢复出真实的水下场景图像，提出了一种结合序列图像配准和最优图像块选择的复原算法。首先通过一种迭代的序列图像配准算法消除视频帧中严重的几何畸变，并获得任意时刻水表面的三维形状，然后利用最优图像块选择算法从校正后的图像序列中合成出无失真的水下场景图像。实验结果表明，与主流的图像配准结合稀疏噪声去除的方法相比，算法能够获得更加准确清晰的视觉效果，同时具有更高的计算效率。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：流体表面重建；水下场景复原；图像配准；最优图像块选择wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01- 0188-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
Underwater Image Restoration Algorithm from Distorted VideowVw系统仿真学报主页
LI Lei, WANG Qing, XIAO Zhao-linwVw系统仿真学报主页
(School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: With the aim to recover the planar underwater scenes from a video sequence severely distorted by water waves, a reconstruction framework which integrated robust registration with lucky image approaches was proposed. At first, an iterative robust registration algorithm was used to eliminate most geometric deformations and recover the water surface. Then the best image patches selected from the corrected video frames were stitched together. With the experimental results, it is found that, in terms of restoration accuracy, visual effects and computational efficiency, the suggested algorithm always significantly outperforms better than the method employing robust registration and sparse noise elimination, leading to state-of-the-art performance on the task of underwater image restoration from video sequences.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: water surface reconstruction; underwater image restoration; image registration; lucky image patchwVw系统仿真学报主页

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基于Project的虚拟维修拆装过程建模wVw系统仿真学报主页
黄  涛1，张豫南1，李瀚飞2，田  鹏1wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1. 装甲兵工程学院控制工程系, 北京 100072；2. 北京航空航天大学交通科学与工程学院, 北京 100191)wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要: 分析虚拟维修拆装过程描述的复杂性，提出利用项目管理软件Microsoft Project建立维修拆装过程模型的方法。建立的过程模型主要包括：拆装结构模型、拆装资源模型和拆装运动模型。其中，利用了Project中WBS层次管理、设定任务优先级及任务链接等功能建立基于层次关系和关联关系的拆装结构模型；构造用于表现螺旋运动、直线运动和空间运动的三个描述公式，建立拆装运动模型。最后以某型坦克起动电机的拆卸为实例，说明建立的模型能很好地应用于维修拆装过程的描述，并且具有直观性。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词: 虚拟维修；拆装过程模型；项目管理软件；电气设备wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图法分类号: TP311      文献标识码：A       文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01- 0192-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Disassembly and Assembly Process ModelingwVw系统仿真学报主页
for Virtual Maintenance Based on ProjectwVw系统仿真学报主页
HUANG Tao1, ZHANG Yu-nan1, LI Han-fei2, TIAN Peng1wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1. Department of Control Engineering, Academy of Armored Forces Engineering, Beijing 100072, China;wVw系统仿真学报主页
2. School of Transportation Science and Engineering, BUAA, Beijing 100191, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: Analyzing complicacy of disassembly and assembly process describing for virtual maintenance brought forward a method that built disassembly and assembly process model for maintenance by using the software project management Microsoft Project. The built process model consists of disassembly and assembly architecture model, resource model and motion model. Therein, by making use of the function managing hierarchy with WBS, enacting priority and linkage of tasks lever-link relationship based disassembly and assembly architecture model were built, three describable expressions were constructed which represented screw motion, rectilinear motion and space motion and disassembly and assembly motion model was built. Finally, with a jump-start electromotor of a certain tank to take apart for example, it is demonstrated that the built model is feasibility and explicitness.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: virtual maintenance; disassembly and assembly process model; software of project management; electrical equipmentwVw系统仿真学报主页

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※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※wVw系统仿真学报主页

STK三维场景构建及优化方法研究wVw系统仿真学报主页
年福纯，周锦标，何剑伟，段慧芬，孙  丰，薛倡新wVw系统仿真学报主页
（中国卫星海上测控部，无锡 214431）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：针对STK（Satellite Tool Kit）软件在军事任务可视化仿真领域中的广泛应用，为充分挖掘其显示潜能，重点解决了影响其三维场景构建的瓶颈问题，即三维场景数据格式的转换和数据的获取优化。在分析构建STK三维场景所需要素及其作用的基础上，分别对地形、地表纹理、三维模型和GIS等四类数据格式进行分析，并利用多种辅助软件，系统地提出了由较通用格式数据向STK所支持格式数据的转换方法，以及在对各类原始数据的获取和转换过程中出现的问题进行处理的优化方法。最后通过实例验证表明该数据格式转换方法和数据优化方法行之有效，三维场景显示效果逼真。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：地形；卫星影像；三维模型；GIS数据；场景构建wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.41;TP391.9        文献标识码：A       文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0197-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Research on Building and Optimizing Methods of STK 3D ScenariowVw系统仿真学报主页
NIAN Fu-chun, ZHOU Jin-biao, HE Jian-wei, DUAN Hui-fen, SUN Feng, XUE Chang-xinwVw系统仿真学报主页
(China Satellite Maritime Tracking and Control Department, Wuxi 214431, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: According to the far-ranging application of STK (Satellite Tool Kit) in the visualized simulation of military mission, in order to fully dig the display potential, the Bottleneck problem that affected the 3D scenario building was mainly solved, which was the format conversion of 3D scenario data and the obtainment of original data. Based on the analysis of the STK 3D scenario components and function, the data formats about the terrain, satellite imagery, 3D model and GIS data were separately analyzed, and  many assistant software was utilized to systematically present the conversion methods from general format data to STK supporting format data, and the optimization methods that arose during the process of obtaining various original data and the format conversion. Finally, through the example, it is shown that the data format conversion methods and data optimization methods are effective, and 3D scenario display effect is amazingly real.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: terrain; satellite imagery; 3D model; GIS data; scenario buildingwVw系统仿真学报主页

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虚拟海战场态势三维显示系统设计与实现wVw系统仿真学报主页
王  勃1,2，康晓予3，张  莉3wVw系统仿真学报主页
（1. 海军航空工程学院研究生管理大队，烟台 264001；2. 91004部队，大连 116031；wVw系统仿真学报主页
3. 海军大连舰艇学院科研部，大连 116018）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：对战场态势显示系统所需要显示的要素进行了详细的分析；给出了建立的战场综合态势显示系统的功能需求；建立了操控接口、通信接口、数据处理、操作控制和渲染显示等5个功能模块，设计了以HLA/RTI为底层通信协议，以GIS为前端显示的虚拟海战场三维态势显示系统，提供海战场地理环境、自然环境、电磁环境、作战兵力、特效等环境在内的战场三维环境描绘、显示；最后给出了实现结果和结论。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：虚拟海战场环境；战场态势；三维；HLA/RTI；GISwVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01- 0202-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Design and Implementation of 3-D Situation Display SystemwVw系统仿真学报主页
for Virtual Sea BattlefieldwVw系统仿真学报主页
WANG Bo1,2, KANG Xiao-yu3, ZHANG Li3wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1. Graduate Student’s Bridge, Naval Aeronautical and Astronautical University, Yantai 264001, China;wVw系统仿真学报主页
2. Army 91004, Dalian 116031, China; 3. Department of Scientific Research, Dalian Naval Academy, Dalian 116018, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: The displaying features of virtual sea battlefield were analyzed in detail and the requirements for situation display system were proposed. The functional modules of operation interface, communication interface, data process, operation control and display were built. A 3-D situation display system for virtual sea battlefield was designed and implemented with HLA/RTI as communication protocol and a geographic information system as display front-end, providing portrayal and display for geographic environments, natural environments, electromagnetic environments, force entities, special effects, etc. The implement results and conclusions were given finally.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: virtual sea battlefield; battlefield situation; 3-D; HLA/RTI; GISwVw系统仿真学报主页

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编码规则下的大面积多样化无缝纹理生成研究wVw系统仿真学报主页
刘晓平1，吴  静1，李  琳1，索南尖措2wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1.合肥工业大学计算机与信息学院VCC研究室, 合肥 230009；2. 西藏大学工学院计算机系, 西藏 850000)wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：通过纹理处理技术来弥补图形绘制上的不足，是解决仿真场景中三维对象表面真实感的有效手段。在实际仿真场景中大面积纹理都是采用重复贴图技术，若需实现纹理多样化，需要美工手工制作，耗费大量时间和人力。提出了一种基于编码的大面积多样化纹理生成的方法，通过对源纹理图定义编码规则产生多个样图实例，在编码约束下根据场景需要可以随机无缝拼接成大面积的纹理贴图。为了增加拼接而成的纹理多样性，我们根据每个样图实例的编码规则在该样图中随机撒点拟合成噪声区域，再基于噪声区域进行该样图实例与噪声纹理的合成，使所产生的样图实例形态各异。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：纹理编码；无缝拼接；纹理合成；大面积纹理wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP 391.9       文献标识码：A       文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0207-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Research on Generation of Large Area Diversity Seamless TextureswVw系统仿真学报主页
under Constraint of Encoding RuleswVw系统仿真学报主页
LIU Xiao-ping1, WU Jing1, LI Lin1, Suonan Jiancuo2wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1. VCC Division, School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;wVw系统仿真学报主页
2. Institute of Computer Science, Tibet University, Tibet 850000, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: It is an effective way to show realistic simulation scene by texture processing technology other than by graphic technology. Duplicate map technology, which wastes lots of time and human power, is used to generate large area textures in realistic simulation scene. A method of large area real texture synthesis was proposed based on random noise. This method firstly generated several samples by encoding the source texture graphics, and then randomly seamlessly spliced diverse large area texture maps under the constraint of the code rules according to the scene. With the purpose of increasing the texture diversity of slice textures,  the noise area with random points was fitted under the constraint of different encoding rules of samples, then the synthesis of source texture and noise texture were made based on the noise area to generate diverse samples.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: texture encoding; seamless splicing; texture synthesis; large area texturewVw系统仿真学报主页
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基于云理论的C4ISR系统作战效能评估应用与研究wVw系统仿真学报主页
罗  佳，薛  青，张国辉，夏永春wVw系统仿真学报主页
（装甲兵工程学院装备指挥与管理系，北京 100072）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：针对C4ISR系统作效能评估的复杂性, 借鉴云理论的原理，提出基于云理论的C4ISR系统作战效能评估模型。在描述云理论评估步骤和建立评价指标体系的基础上，通过求各指标的云模型表征及各指标参数的权重, 用加权偏离度衡量系统与理想状态的偏离量，采用包含一维云发生器的改进型云模型实现了C4ISR系统作战效能评估。实例证明此方法能较好地融合主客观信息，有效的集成了模糊性和随机性，简单易行, 可操作性强, 为C4ISR系统作战效能评估提供了一种有效方法。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：云理论；C4ISR；模糊性；效能评估wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01- 0212-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
Application and Research for Combat Effectiveness Evaluation of C4ISR System Based on Cloud TheorywVw系统仿真学报主页
LUO Jia, XUE Qing, ZHANG Guo-hui, XIA Yong-chunwVw系统仿真学报主页
(Department of Equipment Command Manage, Academy of Armored Force Engineering, Beijing 100072, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: Aiming at the complexity of effectiveness evaluation for C4ISR system and consulting the interrelated principles of cloud theory, a combat effectiveness evaluation model of C4ISR system was established based on cloud theory. With the basic of describing each cloud model and index parameters, through calculating the weighting and the cloud model token of each index, θ was used to weigh the deflection degree between the system and perfect state, and effectiveness evaluation of C4ISR system was realized with improved cloud model containing one-dimension cloud generation. The process is of feasible and simple, strong operability proved by instances, can integrate the fuzzy ability with random to construct the mapping of qualitative and ration, and offers useful reference for effectiveness evaluation of similar C4ISR system.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: cloud theory; C4ISR; fuzzy; effectiveness evaluationwVw系统仿真学报主页

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基于agent动态小世界网络的HIV同性传播仿真研究wVw系统仿真学报主页
李  玮1,2, 毕贵红2, 张寿明1wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1.昆明理工大学信息工程与自动化学院, 昆明 650500；2.昆明理工大学电力工程学院, 昆明 650500)wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：提出了一个agent动态小世界网络仿真模型，结合了小世界网络结点和agent的双重特性，研究了HIV （Human Immunodeficiency Virus）在同性人群中传播扩散的动态过程。为了适应社会网络上HIV传播的动态特性，模型在小世界网络基础上增加两个个体之间的偶然关系和固定关系以及个体从系统中的移入和移出。介绍了HIV病情发展的不同阶段及疾病参数，考虑了个体的自主性和检测对HIV传播的影响。仿真结果表明该模型较好地反映了动态社会网络和个体自主性行为对HIV传播的影响。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：agent; HIV传播; 小世界网络; 动态特性; 自主性行为wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0216-07wVw系统仿真学报主页
Simulation of HIV Propagation among HomosexualwVw系统仿真学报主页
Based on Agent Dynamical Small World NetworkwVw系统仿真学报主页
LI Wei1,2, BI Gui-hong2, ZHANG Shou-ming1wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1. Faculty of Information Engineering and Automation, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;wVw系统仿真学报主页
2. Faculty of Electric Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: This model proposed an agent dynamic small world network simulation model by studying the dynamic propagation of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) among homosexual, which combined the small world network nodes with agents. This model added casual and steady partnerships between 2 agents and the entering and exit of agents from the system based on the small world network in order to adapt to the dynamic characteristics of social network for HIV propagation. In addition, the progression of HIV and disease parameters were introduced. The effects of autonomy and testing on the transmission of HIV were considered. The results of this simulation make it clear that this model can fairly reflect the effects of dynamic social network and individual autonomous behaviors on the transmission of HIV.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: agent; HIV propagation; small word network; dynamic; autonomy behaviourwVw系统仿真学报主页

wVw系统仿真学报主页
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wVw系统仿真学报主页
武器装备仿真训练软件元模型设计研究wVw系统仿真学报主页
卫  翔1,2，张立民1，齐新战2，侯春龙2wVw系统仿真学报主页
（1.海军航空工程学院电子信息工程系，烟台 264001; 2.海军潜艇学院虚拟训练研究中心，青岛 266044）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：针对当前武器装备仿真训练软件（WETS, Weapons and Equipments Training Simulation Software）开发存在的问题，提出一种基于特定领域元模型的武器装备仿真训练软件开发方法。采用元建模理论，通过分析WETS基本特征，确定描述构成WETS元模型整体的各部分及其相互关系，构建了描述武器装备仿真训练软件建模语言（WSML, Weapons and Equipments Training Simulation Software Modeling Language）的元模型。提出了基于元模型的WETS开发流程。通过大量工程应用，表明该方法是支持模型重用的，可显著提高仿真训练软件的开发效率及其运行可靠性的开发方法。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：武器装备仿真训练软件；武器装备仿真领域建模语言；元模型；MOF；模型重用wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9       文献标识码：A       文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0223-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
Research on Weapons and EquipmentswVw系统仿真学报主页
Training Simulation Software Metamodel DesignwVw系统仿真学报主页
WEI Xiang1,2, ZHANG Li-min1, QI Xin-zhan2, HOU Chun-long2wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1. Naval Aeronautical Engineering Institute, Yantai 264001, China; 2. Navy Submarine Academy, Qingdao 266044, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: To solve the development problems of current WETS (Weapons and Equipments Training Simulation Software), a development approach of WETS was proposed based on a domain-oriented metamodel. After analyzing basic characteristics of WETS, the WSML (Weapons and Equipments Training Simulation Software Modeling Language) metamodel was constructed on metamodeling method, covering function and non-function, logical separation and description of every part of the system and relations between them. A domain-oriented modeling language could be generated from the metamodel by the metamodel interpreter. Then, the development approach was proposed based on WETS metamodel. Lots applications indicate that this method supports model reuse and can improve development efficiency of WETS.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: WETS; WSML; metamodel; MOF; model reusewVw系统仿真学报主页

wVw系统仿真学报主页
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数值波浪水槽构建与二阶Stokes波仿真wVw系统仿真学报主页
黄  华1,2，邓  冰1，陈昱松1，刘  娟1wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1.北京应用气象研究所，北京 100029；2.解放军理工大学大气科学博士后流动站，南京 211101)wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：近年来，数值波浪水槽在海洋工程研究中发挥着越来越为重要的作用，成为了水波动力学研究的焦点之一。为此，基于Navier-Stokes（N-S）方程组，首先完成了二维数值波浪水槽的构建。对于N-S方程，采用FVM（Finite Volume Method）法进行离散求解；在入口边界处，模拟活塞推板运动产生了入射波；同时，利用VOF（Volume of Fluid）法对波浪自由面进行了捕捉；在数值波浪水槽尾部，通过设置人工阻尼区实现了消波。利用该二维数值波浪水槽，对典型非线性二阶Stokes波进行了仿真模拟，通过设置虚拟波高监测仪，获取了非线性二阶Stokes波发生、发展和消亡的全过程。对比校验表明，所有仿真结果均与理论精确解相吻合。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：数值波浪水槽；N-S方程组；Stokes波；建模与仿真wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0227-05wVw系统仿真学报主页
Building of Numerical Wave Tank and 2nd Stokes Wave SimulationwVw系统仿真学报主页
HUANG Hua1,2, DENG Bing1, CHEN Yu-song1, LIU Juan1wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1. The Institute of Applied Meteorology, Beijing 100029, China;wVw系统仿真学报主页
2. The Atmosphere Science Postdoctoral Station, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 211101, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: In recent years, the numerical wave tanks are widely applied in the study of ocean engineering problems, and become the focus of water wave mechanics research. Based on Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations, a 2D numerical wave tank was built. The N-S governing equations were discretized by Finite Volume Method (FVM), the incident wave was generated from the boundary by simulating piston wave-maker motions, Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was used to catch the nonlinear free surface, and the outgoing waves were dissipated in an artificial damping zone at the rear part of the wave tank. Then, typical nonlinear 2nd Stokes wave was simulated in this 2D numerical wave tank, and its arising, developing and dissipating were committed to memory of virtual wave height monitors. Comparison and validation show that, all the simulation results match theoretical results well.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: numerical wave tank; N-S equations; Stokes wave; modeling & simulationwVw系统仿真学报主页

wVw系统仿真学报主页
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wVw系统仿真学报主页
虚拟环境中基于人际关系的社会影响建模wVw系统仿真学报主页
刘德胜1,2, 司光亚1wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1.国防大学信息作战与指挥训练教研部, 北京 100091；2.军事科学院军事运筹分析研究所, 北京 100091)wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：虚拟环境中的个体之间存在着相互影响并对个体态度的形成具有非常重要的作用。从社会影响基本理论入手，提出了基于人际关系的社会影响模型构建方法，从三个方面通过仿真实验对社会影响模型进行了验证，说明了保持个体数量优势、通过各种措施拉近和普通个体间的距离以及改善个体形象，增强个体的影响力是增强社会影响的有效途径。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：虚拟环境；社会影响理论；社会影响模型；人际关系wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0232-04wVw系统仿真学报主页
Social Influence Model Based on Interpersonal Relationship in Virtual EnvironmentwVw系统仿真学报主页
LIU De-sheng1,2, SI Guang-ya1wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1. The Department of Information Operation & Command Training, NDU of PLA, Beijing 100091, China;wVw系统仿真学报主页
2. Military Operational Research and Analysis Institute, Military Science Academy, Beijing 100091, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: In virtual environment, social influence exists in interpersonal relationships. It is also important for developing individual attitude. Beginning with social influence theory, a social influence model based on interpersonal relationship was proposed. At last, three experiments were performed. Results of the experiments show that quantity preponderance, shortening the distance between individuals and enhancing individual influence by ameliorating images are effective ways enhancing social influence.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: virtual environment; social influence theory; social influence model; interpersonal relationshipwVw系统仿真学报主页

wVw系统仿真学报主页
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wVw系统仿真学报主页
基于流体动力学的实时角色动画运动特效wVw系统仿真学报主页
徐添辰1，吴恩华1, 2wVw系统仿真学报主页
（1. 澳门大学科技学院，澳门 999078；2.中科院软件所计算机科学国家重点实验室，北京 100190）wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要：在快速的角色动画中，运动模糊技术经常用于产生梦幻般的人物运动效果，从而渲染设计者想要表达的气氛。长期以来，人们常用硬件或软件方法，仅通过简单的图像融合手段实现运动模糊。为了提供高标准的运动特效，基于全局光照的几何方法变得日渐亟需。但是，这样的计算开销对于实时渲染来说往往难以承受。在此，笔者提出了一种新的用于实时运动特效的几何技术。该方法还能结合流体动力学技术，构建一些沿着运动轨迹体而生成的特殊效果。为了避免每帧重复计算，以及为了突破轨迹生成的数据量限制，首先分解运动轨迹，然后引入多步几何渲染技术，实现几何模型的实例化，从而达到重复利用几何资源的目的。在渲染流程中，为了使该方法可以灵活地运用于各种流体效果之中，轨迹追踪的步骤和流体解析的过程是设计成独立的。由于该算法是建立在GPU几何着色的并行环境下，当达到影片质量级别的渲染效果时，它依然能够保证极高的计算效率，最终实现包括运动模糊等特效在内的场景实时渲染。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：运动模糊；角色动画；流体动力学；GPU几何着色器wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP.391.9      文献标识码：A      文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0236-06wVw系统仿真学报主页
Hydrodynamics-based Real-time Motion Effects in Character AnimationwVw系统仿真学报主页
XU Tian-chen1, WU En-hua1,2wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1. Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China;wVw系统仿真学报主页
2. State Key Lab of CS, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: In fast character animations, motion-blur techniques are always employed for fantastic motion effects, thus expressing the desired atmosphere. During longtime work, it is popular to use hardware or software methods to achieve motion-blur effects through simply image blending. To supply high-standard effects, geometric methods based on global illumination were engaged. However, it could be such a burden of computation for real-time rendering. In this work, a new geometric method was proposed aiming to solve the computational efforts. Nevertheless, some special effects along the motion track were generated though the combination of the hydrodynamics. In order to avoid repeated computation at each frame, as well as break the limitation of trajectory generation, the trajectory was decomposed and a multi-pass geometric rendering technique was enforced to realize instancing for resource reuse. In the rendering pipeline, trajectory tracing and fluid solution were separated to match different fluid effects flexibly. Since the algorithm is based on the environment of parallel geometric shading on GPU, finally, with the rendering quality of cinematic-level achieved, a reasonable cost is maintained to archive real time rendering including the motion blur effect.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: motion blur; character animation; hydrodynamics; GPU Geometry ShaderwVw系统仿真学报主页

wVw系统仿真学报主页
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基于粒子群算法的图像相关反馈研究wVw系统仿真学报主页
张振花1，李  波2，邓伟文3wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1.吉林大学计算机学院，长春 130012; 2.吉林大学第二医院，长春 130041; 3.吉林大学汽车学院，长春 130025)wVw系统仿真学报主页
摘  要: 在浩如烟海的图像库中按用户的需求去搜索图像，传统的做法是基于图像的视觉低层特征进行检索。但是由于视觉低层特征与高层语义之间存在语义鸿沟，因此检索结果往往不尽如人意。研究者发现，将相关反馈技术引入图像检索中则能提高系统的检索性能。提出将粒子群优化算法(Particle Swarm Optimization)[1]引入基于内容的图像检索之中，通过用户对检索结果进行评价，系统通过学习来动态修改各特征的权值，从而达到模拟人类的思维，提高图像检索系统的检索性能，并通过实验证明该算法的可行性和有效性。wVw系统仿真学报主页
关键词：相关反馈；基于内容的图像检索；粒子群优化；特征提取wVw系统仿真学报主页
中图分类号：TP391.9       文献标识码：A        文章编号：1004-731X (2012) 01-0242-03wVw系统仿真学报主页
Study on PSO-based Relevance Feedback AlgorithmwVw系统仿真学报主页
ZHANG Zhen-hua1, LI Bo2, DENG Wei-wen3wVw系统仿真学报主页
(1. College of Computer Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;wVw系统仿真学报主页
2. Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China;wVw系统仿真学报主页
3. College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China)wVw系统仿真学报主页
Abstract: The traditional way to search the images in the vast multitude of image database is based on low-level features. There is some misunderstanding called semantic gap between visual low-level features and high-level features, which makes the content-based image retrieval results be unsatisfactory. The researchers found that, relevance feedback is introduced in the human-computer interaction technology which can improve the retrieval performance in the image retrieval. Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm [1] was imported into the relevance feedback on the content-based image retrieval. The system dynamically modified the feature weights through learning, so as to simulate human thinking, and improve the image retrieval system performance. At last, the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm in experiments was demonstrated.wVw系统仿真学报主页
Key words: relevance feedback; content-based image retrieval; particle swarm optimization; feature extractionwVw系统仿真学报主页